Median Income
$131,459
75% higher than US avg
Home Value
$301,300
7% higher than US avg
Violent Crime
403/100K
6% higher than US avg
Bachelor's+
54.1%
61% higher than US avg
Obesity Rate
31.3%
2% lower than US avg
Unemployment
15.2%
322% higher than US avg
Poverty Rate
0.0%
100% lower than US avg
How Cumings Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population2,343
Median Age36.4 yrs
Density1,287/mi²
Male / Female51% / 49%
Largest GroupWhite 33%
Veterans3.0%
Economy
B+
Median Income$131,459
Per Capita$42,417
Unemployment15.2%
Poverty0.0%
County GDP$49,615M
Commute36 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$301,300
Ownership100.0%
Zillow$378,326
Housing Units539
Rent Burden30.0%
Crime
F
Violent403/100K
Property2,785/100K
Health
Obesity31.3%
Uninsured13.8%
Smoking8.7%
Depression19.3%
Heart Disease4.2%
Climate
Avg Temp71°F (21°C)
AQI42 (Good)
Rain51.1 in/yr
Sunny Days314/yr
Elevation87 ft (27 m)
Education
A+
Bachelor's+54.1%
High School+95.4%
Graduate+35.9%
School Score6.60
Community
2024 VoteR 48% / D 50%
Commute36 min
Broadband100.0%
EV Stations10
Libraries15
Is Cumings a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Cumings receives an overall livability score of 3.7 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B+. Key strengths include above-average household incomes, a highly educated population, abundant sunshine, a low poverty rate. Areas to be aware of include above-average unemployment, a high uninsured rate, long commute times. Cumings offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Cumings is $131,459, which is significantly higher than the national average / 75% above $75,149. This places Cumings among higher-income communities. At 15.2%, unemployment is notably high. Only 0.0% of residents live below the poverty line, well below the national rate of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 36 minutes, longer than the typical American commute of 28 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Cumings is $301,300, roughly aligned with the national median of $281,900. At just 2.3x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
The violent crime rate of 403 per 100,000 is above the national average of 380 / something for prospective residents to consider. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,785 per 100,000, 42% above the national average.
Education
Cumings is a highly educated community / 54.1% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher, well above the national average of 33.7%. 95.4% have completed high school. Local schools score 6.6/10 in standardized testing, reflecting strong academic performance.
Climate & Weather
Cumings has a warm climate with an average annual temperature of 71°F. Winters average 54°F in January while summers reach 85°F in July. With 314 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 51.1 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 42.
Cumings has a population of 2,343 with a density of 1,287 people per square mile, spread across 2.6 square miles. The median age is 36.4 years, 6% younger than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 49.4% female and 50.6% male. The city is predominantly Black (33.2%), with 32.5% White. English is the primary language spoken at home by 80.3% of residents, while 19.7% speak Spanish. 3.0% of the population are veterans, below the national rate of 6.0%. 6.1% of residents have a disability (below the 13.0% national average). 98.0% have health insurance coverage.
Population
36.4yrs
Median Age
6% below US avg
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
80.3%
2% above US avg
Spanish
19.7%
47% above US avg
The median household income in Cumings is $131,459, which is 75% above the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $42,417. The average weekly wage is $1,203, 16% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 15.2% (above the 3.6% US average). 0.0% of residents live below the poverty line, lower than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 18,369 business establishments, including 1,517 restaurants. The cost of living index is 97.1, roughly in line with the national average. Workers commute an average of 36 minutes (longer than the 28-minute US average). 12.3% of workers work from home.
Income
| Median HH Income | $131,459 |
| 75% above US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $42,417 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,203 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $110,221 |
| Gini Index | 0.424 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 15.2% |
| 322% above US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 0.0% |
| 100% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 18,369 |
| County GDP | $49,615M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 1,517 |
| Healthcare | 2,621 |
| Retail | 2,331 |
| Manufacturing | 411 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $10,359 |
| 196% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 97.10 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 3.44% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 36.4 min |
| Drive Alone | 75.7% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 12.3% |
The median home value in Cumings is $301,300, 7% above the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $378,326, higher than the Census estimate. Homes sell for 98.8% of their list price. Fair market rent ranges from $935 for a one-bedroom to $1,149 for a two-bedroom apartment. 100.0% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 539 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 2012. The average annual property tax is $10,359 (higher than the $3,500 national average). 30.0% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.3x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $301,300 |
| 7% above US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $378,326 |
| Median List Price | $365,000 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
| Median List Price | $365,000 |
| $/Sq Ft | $126 |
| Homes Sold | 1 |
| Sale-to-List Ratio | 98.8% |
| Price Drops | 50.0% |
| Inventory | 6 |
Rental Costs
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $887 |
| 1 Bedroom | $935 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,149 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,497 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,733 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 100.0% |
| Owner-Occupied | 100.0% |
| Renter-Occupied | 0.0% |
| Housing Units | 539 |
| Median Year Built | 2012 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $10,359 |
| 196% above US avg |
| Effective Rate | 3.44% |
In Cumings, 31.3% of adults are obese, below the national rate of 32.1%. 10.0% have diabetes. Heart disease affects 4.2% of residents, below the national average. 28.5% have high blood pressure. 8.7% are current smokers (below the 14.0% national rate). 18.6% report binge drinking. 21.8% are physically inactive. 19.3% report depression. 14.9% experience frequent mental distress. 13.8% of residents lack health insurance (above the 8.6% national rate). The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,181. The dentist ratio is 1:1,720. 89.5% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 8.5 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Cumings vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 31.3% |
| 2% below US avg |
| Diabetes | 10.0% |
| Heart Disease | 4.2% |
| High Blood Pressure | 28.5% |
| Asthma | 8.9% |
| COPD | 3.5% |
| Cancer | 5.7% |
| Stroke | 2.3% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 8.7% |
| 38% below US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 18.6% |
| Physical Inactivity | 21.8% |
| Depression | 19.3% |
| Mental Distress | 14.9% |
| Physical Distress | 10.1% |
| Short Sleep | 35.5% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 98.0% |
| Uninsured | 13.8% |
| 60% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:1,181 |
| Dentists | 1:1,720 |
| Mental Health | 1:841 |
| Checkup Rate | 73.4% |
| Dental Visits | 66.1% |
| Premature Death | 5,310/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 8.5/10 |
| Exercise Access | 89.5% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 2,621 |
Cumings has a violent crime rate of 403 per 100,000 residents, 6% above the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 2,785 per 100,000, 42% above the U.S. average. The county recorded 35 fatal traffic crashes. The area has experienced 91 federally declared disasters. Overall, Cumings receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Cumings vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 402.7/100K |
| 6% above US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 2,785.0/100K |
| 42% above US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 35 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
| FEMA Disasters | 91 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Cumings has a warm climate with an average annual temperature of 71°F (21°C). Winters average 54°F in January while summers reach 85°F in July. The area gets 314 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 51.1 inches (wetter than the 38-inch national average). Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 42. The city sits at an elevation of 87 feet.
Temperature
54°F Jan (12°C)
85°F Jul (30°C)
| Annual Average | 70.6°F |
| 31% above US avg |
| January Average | 54°F (12°C) |
| July Average | 85°F (30°C) |
| Sunny Days | 314 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 87 ft (27 m) |
| Area | 2.6 sq mi (6.6 km²) |
| Population Density | 1,287/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 29.5853°N, 95.7954°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Fort Bend County County |
| Nearest Airport | Sugar Land Regional (SGR)
9 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
51.1"
35% above US avg
Wettest Month (Sep)
5.16"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 42.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively High |
| Risk Score | 97.5 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 17.0 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 70.1 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Very High |
| Hurricane |
Relatively High |
| Earthquake |
Relatively Low |
| Wildfire |
Relatively Low |
| Flood |
Relatively High |
| Hail |
Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively High |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively High |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively Low |
| Lightning |
Very High |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively High |
| Drought |
Relatively Moderate |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively High |
| Landslide |
Very Low |
| Coastal Flood |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
5 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M3.1. Most recent: M2.5 on Apr 2, 2024.
| Feb 19, 2015 |
3 km N of Hallettsville, Texas |
M3.1 |
112 km |
| Oct 20, 2017 |
5 km W of Flatonia, Texas |
M2.9 |
133 km |
| Jan 4, 1995 |
1 km NW of Hallettsville, Texas |
M2.7 |
113 km |
| Aug 24, 2021 |
3 km NNW of Hallettsville, Texas |
M2.6 |
112 km |
| Apr 2, 2024 |
4 km SSW of Round Top, Texas |
M2.5 |
100 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Hurricane History
16 hurricanes (Cat 1+) within 500 km since 1980.
Strongest: Category 4. Most recent: Beryl (2024, Cat 1).
| Year |
Name |
Category |
Closest |
| 2024 |
Beryl |
Category 1 |
37 km |
| 2021 |
Nicholas |
Category 1 |
88 km |
| 2020 |
Laura |
Category 4 |
242 km |
| 2020 |
Delta |
Category 3 |
234 km |
| 2020 |
Hanna |
Category 1 |
277 km |
| 2017 |
Harvey |
Category 4 |
176 km |
| 2008 |
Ike |
Category 2 |
88 km |
| 2007 |
Humberto |
Category 1 |
124 km |
| 2005 |
Rita |
Category 3 |
192 km |
| 2003 |
Claudette |
Category 1 |
146 km |
| 1989 |
Chantal |
Category 1 |
135 km |
| 1989 |
Jerry |
Category 1 |
88 km |
| 1986 |
Bonnie |
Category 1 |
149 km |
| 1985 |
Danny |
Category 1 |
299 km |
| 1985 |
Juan |
Category 1 |
273 km |
| 1983 |
Alicia |
Category 3 |
31 km |
Source: NOAA IBTrACS (Cat 1+, 1980–2026)
Tornado History
809 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF4. Total: 22 fatalities, 595 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Nov 21, 1992 |
EF4 |
52 km |
0 |
| Dec 28, 2024 |
EF3 |
77 km |
0 |
| Jan 24, 2023 |
EF3 |
53 km |
0 |
| Mar 30, 2002 |
EF3 |
75 km |
0 |
| Nov 21, 1992 |
EF3 |
84 km |
0 |
| Feb 5, 1986 |
EF3 |
55 km |
2 |
| Dec 13, 1977 |
EF3 |
54 km |
1 |
| Mar 8, 1976 |
EF3 |
43 km |
0 |
| Dec 24, 1975 |
EF3 |
93 km |
0 |
| Oct 28, 1974 |
EF3 |
76 km |
1 |
| Sep 13, 1974 |
EF3 |
4 km |
0 |
| Sep 8, 1969 |
EF3 |
57 km |
0 |
| Apr 11, 1969 |
EF3 |
89 km |
0 |
| Dec 12, 1968 |
EF3 |
89 km |
0 |
| Sep 20, 1967 |
EF3 |
49 km |
0 |
| Sep 20, 1967 |
EF3 |
49 km |
0 |
| Sep 20, 1967 |
EF3 |
91 km |
0 |
| Aug 18, 1967 |
EF3 |
87 km |
0 |
| Apr 18, 1966 |
EF3 |
66 km |
0 |
| Mar 28, 1966 |
EF3 |
54 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: RILEY ROAD (18,999 ac, 2011).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2011 |
RILEY ROAD |
18,999 |
72 km |
| 2017 |
TXTMR FY17 RX WHARTON |
5,175 |
75 km |
| 2011 |
DYER MILL |
5,170 |
80 km |
| 2010 |
WHARTON |
5,084 |
75 km |
| 2008 |
COW TRAP 2008 |
4,335 |
87 km |
| 2017 |
2018 NORTH SARGENT WF |
3,959 |
88 km |
| 2009 |
CHOCOLATE BAYOU UNIT |
3,790 |
72 km |
| 2020 |
CHOCOLATE BAYOU |
3,623 |
72 km |
| 1997 |
MOUND |
3,402 |
76 km |
| 2009 |
ROAD PASTURE 2009 |
3,197 |
79 km |
| 2011 |
BAILEY |
3,136 |
68 km |
| 1992 |
SMITH MARSH |
3,057 |
88 km |
| 2006 |
CATTAILS |
3,046 |
84 km |
| 2023 |
TXBRR-FY23-RX-W |
2,511 |
75 km |
| 2017 |
TXTMR FY17 RX BLUESTEM |
2,462 |
73 km |
| 2019 |
TXTMR-FY19-RX-ALLIGATOR MARSH |
2,435 |
75 km |
| 2020 |
BLUESTEM 1 |
2,417 |
73 km |
| 2022 |
HOT BLUE STEM |
2,398 |
73 km |
| 2024 |
BLUE STEM 24 |
2,328 |
73 km |
| 2001 |
WHARTON HO |
2,263 |
75 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
54°F (12°C) |
3.2 in |
Coldest |
| February |
54°F (12°C) |
2.8 in |
|
| March |
62°F (16°C) |
2.4 in |
Driest |
| April |
68°F (20°C) |
2.8 in |
|
| May |
75°F (24°C) |
4.6 in |
|
| June |
81°F (27°C) |
4.6 in |
|
| July |
85°F (30°C) |
3.7 in |
Warmest |
| August |
83°F (29°C) |
3.9 in |
|
| September |
80°F (27°C) |
5.2 in |
Wettest |
| October |
71°F (22°C) |
3.7 in |
|
| November |
62°F (17°C) |
3.9 in |
|
| December |
55°F (13°C) |
3.2 in |
|
Cumings has a seasonal temperature swing of 32°F / from 54°F in January to 85°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 44.0 inches, with September being the wettest month (5.2") and March the driest (2.4").
Average costs for common services in Cumings. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$243 ($146–$388) |
| Specialist Visit |
$340 ($194–$534) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$194 ($97–$340) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$2,136 ($777–$4,855) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$126 ($73–$194) |
| Dental Filling |
$243 ($146–$388) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$44 ($24–$73) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$73 ($49–$117) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$291 ($146–$486) |
| Tire Rotation |
$39 ($19–$73) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$583 ($388–$971) |
| Battery Replacement |
$194 ($97–$340) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$97 ($58–$146) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$87 ($49–$136) |
| HVAC Repair |
$388 ($146–$777) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,797 ($3,884–$11,652) |
| Roof Repair |
$971 ($388–$1,942) |
| Roof Replacement |
$8,739 ($5,341–$14,565) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,457 ($486–$3,399) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$14,565 ($4,855–$29,130) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,855 ($1,942–$9,710) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,457 ($777–$2,913) |
| Will Preparation |
$486 ($194–$971) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,428 ($971–$4,855) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$24 ($15–$44) |
| Women's Haircut |
$53 ($29–$97) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$146 ($73–$243) |
| Manicure |
$24 ($15–$44) |
| Pedicure |
$39 ($24–$63) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$78 ($49–$126) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.98 ($2.91–$5.34) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.40 ($2.43–$4.86) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.69 ($2.43–$5.34) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.37 ($2.91–$6.31) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$5.34 ($3.88–$7.28) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.97 ($0.58–$1.75) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$136 ($78–$243) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$68 ($29–$146) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$68 ($39–$117) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$68 ($39–$97) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$63 ($29–$97) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$83 ($49–$146) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$194 ($73–$486) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,942 ($1,165–$3,399) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$68 ($29–$126) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$15 ($7.77–$24) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$97 ($29–$243) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$29 ($15–$73) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,165 ($583–$2,428) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$971 ($486–$1,942) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$388 ($194–$680) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$49 ($24–$97) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$971 ($388–$2,428) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$12,138 ($4,855–$29,130) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$58 ($29–$97) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$97 ($49–$194) |
| Dog Grooming |
$58 ($29–$97) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$39 ($19–$73) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$291 ($146–$486) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$194 ($97–$388) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $801 |
| Toddler | $745 |
| Preschool | $723 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $710 |
| Toddler | $671 |
| Preschool | $662 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Cumings
What is the population of Cumings?
Cumings has a population of 2,343 residents and is located in Texas. The population density is 1,287 people per square mile, spread across 2.6 square miles. The median age of residents is 36.4 years, which is younger than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 49.4% female and 50.6% male.
Is Cumings expensive to live in?
Cumings has a cost of living roughly in line with the national average, with an index of 97.1 (baseline: 100). The median household income is $131,459, 75% above the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $301,300 (7% above the U.S. median). The home price-to-income ratio is 2.3x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Cumings safe?
The violent crime rate in Cumings is 403 per 100,000 residents, above the national average of 380. Prospective residents should research specific neighborhoods, as crime rates can vary significantly within the city. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,785 per 100,000 (above the national average). Overall, Cumings receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Cumings?
Cumings has a warm climate with an average annual temperature of 71°F (21°C). Winter temperatures average 54°F in January, while summers reach an average of 85°F in July. The area receives 314 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 51.1 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 42.
How is the job market in Cumings?
The job market in Cumings faces challenges, with unemployment at 15.2% / significantly above the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $1,203. There are 18,369 business establishments in the area, including 1,517 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 36 minutes, and 12.3% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Cumings?
The median home value in Cumings is $301,300. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $378,326. The homeownership rate is 100.0%. The average annual property tax is $10,359.
How are the schools in Cumings?
Schools in Cumings score 6.6 out of 10 on standardized testing, near the national average. 54.1% of adults in Cumings hold a bachelor's degree or higher, above the national average of 33.7%. 95.4% have completed high school. 35.9% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Cumings?
The obesity rate in Cumings is 31.3% (below the national rate of 32.1%). 8.7% of adults are smokers. 21.8% are physically inactive. 19.3% of residents report depression. 13.8% lack health insurance (above the national rate). 89.5% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,181.
What is transportation like in Cumings?
The average commute in Cumings is 36 minutes, longer than the national average of 28 minutes. 75.7% of workers drive alone to work, and 12.3% work from home.
What are the demographics of Cumings?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Cumings is 32.5% White, 33.2% Black or African American. 80.3% of residents speak only English at home, while 19.7% speak Spanish. 3.0% of the population are military veterans. 6.1% of residents have a disability. 98.0% have health insurance coverage.
All Countries
