Kamimaruko, Japan
Nagano · Japan
Kamimaruko is a small city in Nagano, Japan with a population of 25,403. Elevation: 1,847 ft (563 m). Average temperature: 49°F (10°C).
Data updated June 2026
Discover Kamimaruko, Japan
Explore over 40 sections covering people, economy, housing, health, crime, climate, community, costs, trends, schools, colleges, hospitals, treatment centers, industries, museums, libraries, breweries, farmers markets, grocery stores, pharmacies, campgrounds, parks, trails, stadiums, ski resorts, daycare centers, nursing homes, churches, fire stations, cell towers, bridges, power plants, EV stations, prisons, radio stations, airports, police stations, post offices, Amtrak stations, superfund sites, UNESCO sites, and more.
Use the tabs and dropdown menus below to navigate every data point we track for this city.
People
Economy
BHousing
A+Climate
| Population | 25,403 |
| Population Density | 87 / sq mi |
| Elevation | 1,847 ft (563 m) |
| Coordinates | 36.3187°, 138.2733° |
| Timezone | Asia/Tokyo |
| Country | 🇯🇵 Japan |
| State / Province | Nagano |
| Average Temperature | 49°F (10°C) |
| January Average | 28°F (-2°C) |
| July Average | 70°F (21°C) |
| Annual Precipitation | 46.3 inches (1,176 mm) |
| Annual Snowfall | 6.9 inches (18 cm) |
| Median Household Income | $30,100 |
| Median Age | 50.0 years |
About Kamimaruko
Kamimaruko is a small city in Japan (Nagano) with a population of 25,403. The city sits at an elevation of 1,847 feet (563 meters) above sea level. The average annual temperature is 49°F (10°C). Temperatures range from 28°F in January to 70°F in July. Annual precipitation averages 46.3 inches. The timezone is Asia/Tokyo.
Population
Language Spoken at Home
Social Characteristics
Kamimaruko vs Japan Average
Income: Kamimaruko vs Japan
Commute Mode
Income
| Median HH Income | $30,100 |
| 60% below Japan avg |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 2.1% |
| 42% below Japan avg | |
| Establishments (County) | 813 |
Business (County)
Tax & Cost of Living
Commute & Transportation
Walkability
Home Value Sources
Ownership Split
Home Values
| Census Median | $76,000 |
| 73% below Japan avg |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $380 |
| 67% below Japan avg |
Ownership & Property
| Housing Units | 10,161 |
Property Tax
Climate in Kamimaruko
Kamimaruko has an average annual temperature of 12.8°C (55°F). The hottest month is Aug (26.2°C), the coldest is Jan (0.2°C). Average annual precipitation is 1047 mm.
Temperature
| Annual Average | 49.2°F |
| 9% below Japan avg | |
| January Average | 28°F (-2°C) |
| July Average | 70°F (21°C) |
| Sunny Days | 252 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 1,847 ft (563 m) |
| Area | 291.4 sq mi (754.8 km²) |
| Population Density | 87/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 36.3187°N, 138.2733°W |
| Timezone | Asia/Tokyo |
Precipitation & Snow
Air Quality
Tsunami History
8 tsunamis recorded within 500 km. Highest wave on record: 0.2 m (1 ft).
| Year | Location | Cause | Max Wave | Deaths | Distance |
| 1987 | HONSHU ISLAND | Earthquake | 0.2 m | - | 131 km |
| 2007 | HONSHU: W COAST | Earthquake | - | 15 | 140 km |
| 1751 | NW. HONSHU ISLAND | Eruption + Earthquake | - | 2,100 | 99 km |
| 1633 | SAGAMI BAY | Earthquake | - | 150 | 150 km |
| 1614 | NIIGATA PREFECTURE | Earthquake | - | - | 134 km |
| 1448 | SADO, JAPAN | Earthquake | - | - | 132 km |
| 887 | NIIGATA | Earthquake | - | 2,000 | 132 km |
| 863 | NW. HONSHU ISLAND | Eruption + Earthquake | - | - | 90 km |
Nearby Volcanoes
15 volcanoes within 200 km. Closest: Asamayama (24 km).
| Name | Type | Elevation | Last Eruption | Distance |
| Asamayama | Complex | 2,568 m (8,425 ft) | 2019 | 24 km |
| Yokodake | Stratovolcano(es) | 2,480 m (8,136 ft) | 1200 | 26 km |
| Kusatsu-Shiranesan | Stratovolcano(es) | 2,165 m (7,103 ft) | 2018 | 40 km |
| Shiga | Shield(s) | 2,041 m (6,696 ft) | Unknown | 47 km |
| Harunasan | Stratovolcano | 1,449 m (4,754 ft) | 550 | 55 km |
| Washiba-Kumonotaira | Shield(s) | 2,924 m (9,593 ft) | Unknown | 62 km |
| Yakedake | Stratovolcano(es) | 2,455 m (8,054 ft) | 1995 | 62 km |
| Myokosan | Stratovolcano | 2,454 m (8,051 ft) | -750 | 65 km |
| Midagahara | Stratovolcano | 2,621 m (8,599 ft) | 1839 | 67 km |
| Norikuradake | Stratovolcano(es) | 3,026 m (9,928 ft) | -50 | 69 km |
| Niigata-Yakeyama | Lava dome | 2,400 m (7,874 ft) | 1998 | 70 km |
| Ontakesan | Complex | 3,067 m (10,062 ft) | 2014 | 86 km |
| Akagisan | Stratovolcano | 1,828 m (5,997 ft) | Unknown | 87 km |
| Nikko-Shiranesan | Shield | 2,578 m (8,458 ft) | 1952 | 112 km |
| Fujisan | Stratovolcano | 3,776 m (12,388 ft) | 1708 | 114 km |
Monthly Weather
| Month | Avg Temperature | Precipitation | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 28°F (-2°C) | 1.3 in | Coldest |
| February | 29°F (-2°C) | 1.8 in | |
| March | 35°F (2°C) | 2.8 in | |
| April | 47°F (8°C) | 3.5 in | |
| May | 56°F (13°C) | 4.1 in | |
| June | 63°F (17°C) | 6.7 in | |
| July | 70°F (21°C) | 6.4 in | |
| August | 72°F (22°C) | 5.5 in | Warmest |
| September | 64°F (18°C) | 6.9 in | Wettest |
| October | 52°F (11°C) | 4.1 in | |
| November | 42°F (6°C) | 2.1 in | |
| December | 33°F (1°C) | 1.0 in | Driest |
Kamimaruko has a seasonal temperature swing of 44°F / from 28°F in January to 72°F in August. Total annual precipitation is 46.3 inches, with September being the wettest month (6.9") and December the driest (1.0").
Schools in Kamimaruko
7 public schools (NCES 2022-23 data).
| School | Level | Enrollment | Teachers | Student/Teacher |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 上田市立丸子北小学校 | - | - | - | - |
| 上田市立丸子北中学校 | - | - | - | - |
| 長野県立丸子修学館高等学校 | - | - | - | - |
| 上田市立丸子中学校 | - | - | - | - |
| 丸子中央小学校 | - | - | - | - |
| 長野県工科短期大学校 | - | - | - | - |
| 上田市立東塩田小学校 | - | - | - | - |
Radio Stations near Kamimaruko
0 stations within ~55 km.
| Station | Genre | Quality |
|---|
Museums in Kamimaruko
| Name | Type | Address | Phone | Annual Revenue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan History Museum | ||||
| Kawamura Gozo Memorial Hall | ||||
| Memorial Hall of Tōson | ||||
| PRINCE&SKYLINE MUSEUM | ||||
| Sanada residence | ||||
| Tateshina Teddy Bear Musuem | ||||
| Ueda Municipal Museum | ||||
| こども美術館 | ||||
| さらしなの里歴史資料館 | ||||
| しもすわ今昔館おいでや | ||||
| ふる里漫画館 | ||||
| 上田市立信濃国分寺資料館 | ||||
| 丸子郷土博物館 | ||||
| 丸山晩霞記念館 | ||||
| 五郎兵衛記念館 | ||||
| 今井邦子文学館 | ||||
| 伴月楼記念館 | ||||
| 佐久市こども未来館 | ||||
| 佐久市昆虫体験学習館 | ||||
| 佐久市立天来記念館 | ||||
| 佐久市立望月歴史民俗資料館 | ||||
| 力士雷電資料館 | ||||
| 千曲市アートまちかど | ||||
| 千曲市稲荷山宿・蔵し館 | ||||
| 坂城町文化財センター | ||||
| 坂木宿 ふるさと歴史館 | ||||
| 奥村土牛記念美術館 | ||||
| 宿場街道資料館 | ||||
| 小林貞吾記念館 | ||||
| 小諸市郷土博物館 | ||||
| 小諸義塾記念館 | ||||
| 小諸高濱虚子記念館 | ||||
| 市立岡谷蚕糸博物館 | ||||
| 影絵美術館 | ||||
| 御代田写真美術館 | ||||
| 徴古館 | ||||
| 旧格致学校校舎 歴史民俗資料館 | ||||
| 森将軍塚古墳館 | ||||
| 武水別神社神官 松田邸 | ||||
| 池波正太郎真田太平記館 | ||||
| 浅間縄文ミュージアム | ||||
| 海野記念絵画館 | ||||
| 無言館 | ||||
| 真田氏歴史館 | ||||
| 筑北村歴史民俗資料館 | ||||
| 藤本蚕業歴史館 | ||||
| 象山記念館 | ||||
| 鉄の展示館 | ||||
| 鎌倉彫記念館 | ||||
| 長久保宿丸木屋 | ||||
| 長久保宿歴史資料館 一福処濱屋 | ||||
| 長野県立歴史館 | ||||
| 青木村五島慶太未来創造館 | ||||
| 青木村民俗資料館 | ||||
| 黒曜石体験ミュージアム |
Libraries in Kamimaruko
| Name | Address | Staff | Annual Visits | Circulation | Collection | Programs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ueda Jyoho Library | 0.0 | |||||
| 上田図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 上田市立真田図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 下諏訪町立図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 丸子図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 佐久市中央図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 信州大学上田キャンパス図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 千曲市立更埴図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 坂城町図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 市立小諸図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 御代田町立図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 東御市立図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 生涯学習館「花の郷・茂来館」・図書館 | 0.0 | |||||
| 青木村図書館 | 0.0 |
Farmers Markets in Kamimaruko
| Name | Address | Season | Hours | Organic | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (株)戸倉中央青果市場 | |||||
| さかき地場産直売所 あいさい | |||||
| 産直市場 ヤマサン |
Hotels in Kamimaruko
1 hotels within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Restaurants in Kamimaruko
3 restaurants within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Theatres in Kamimaruko
1 theatres within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Clinics in Kamimaruko
1 clinics within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Veterinaries in Kamimaruko
1 veterinaries within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Train Stations in Kamimaruko
1 train stations within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Gas Stations in Kamimaruko
4 gas stations within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Banks in Kamimaruko
4 banks within city radius - OpenStreetMap data
Breweries in Kamimaruko
| Name | Type | Address | Phone | Website |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| オラホビール | ||||
| 天法酒造 | ||||
| 武重本家酒造 | ||||
| 白樺蓼科 | ||||
| 相馬醤油 |
Stadiums & Teams in Kamimaruko
| Team | League | Division |
|---|---|---|
Ski Resorts Near Kamimaruko
110 ski resorts within range.
| Resort | Slopes (km) | Lifts | Peak (m) | Price | Season | Night | Park |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Komagane Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Chuo-do Ina Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Fujimi Panorama Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Fujimi Kougen Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Chateraise Ski Valley Nobeyama | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kisofukushima Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Sun Meadows Kiyosato Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Yabuhara Kogen | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shinshu-Matsumoto Nomugitoge Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Chateraise Ski Valley Koumi | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Yachiho Kōgen Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Tateshina Tokyu Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Pilatus Tateshina Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shirakaba 2 in 1 | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Family Gelände Kirigamine Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shirakabako Royal Hill | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kurumayama Kogen SKYPARK | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Blue Resort Norikura | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Asahi Prime Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Echo Valley | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shirakaba Kogen Kokusai Ski | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Blanche Takayama | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Saku Ski Garden Parada | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Prince Hotels and Resorts Karuizawa | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Takamine Mountain Park Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Karuizawa Snow Park | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kazawa Snow Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hijiri Kogen Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Sugadairakogen Pine Beak Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Sugadaira Taro Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Sugadaira Kogen Davos Hill Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Palcall Tsumagoi Resort Ski & Hotel | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Minenohara Kogen | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Jiigatake Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kashimayari Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba Sanosaka Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kusatsu Onsen Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Manza Onsen | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba Goryu | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Shibutoge Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba 47 | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba Valley | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| YAMABOKU Wild Snow Park | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Yokoteyama Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Kumanoyu Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba Happo One | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Hasuike Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Sun Valley Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Maruike Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Giant Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Hoppo Bunadaira Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba Iwatake | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Higashidateyama Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Nishidateyama Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Terakoya Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Takamagahara Mammoth Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Akasawa Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Tannenomori Okojo Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Ichinose Family Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Ichinose Diamond Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Norn Minakami | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| IIZUNA HIGASHI KOGEN RESORT | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Ichinose Yamanokami Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Togakushi Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Yakebitaiyama Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Tsugaike Kogen | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba Norikura Onsen Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Shiga Kogen Okushiga Kogen Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Hakuba Cortina | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Ryuoo Ski Park | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Yomase Onsen Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kitashiga Komaruyama Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Naeba Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| White Valley Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| X-JAM Takaifuji | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Makinoiri Kogen Snow Park | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kijimadaira Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kurohime Kogen | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Tanigawadake Tenjindaira Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Madarao Kogen Mountain Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Tashiro Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Tangram Madarao Ski Circus | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Myoko Suginohara Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kagura Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kagura Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Ikenotaira Onsen ALPEN BLICK Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Akakura Kanko Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Mitsumata Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Akakura Onsen Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kandatsu Kogen Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Nakazato Snow Wood Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Seki Onsen Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Kyukamura Myoko | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Yuzawa Nakazato Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Nozawa Onsen | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Yuzawa Park Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| NASPA Ski Garden | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Itoigawa Seaside Valley Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Yuzawa Kogen Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Ippon Sugi Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Togari Onsen Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Iwappara | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Gala Yuzawa Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| New Greenpia Tsunan | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Ishiuchi Maruyama Ski Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Maiko Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| ARAI SNOW RESORT | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Ishiuchi Hanaoka Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Charmant Hiuchi Snow Resort | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
| Sakae Club Ski Area | 0.0 | - | - | $0 | - | - | - |
Airports Near Kamimaruko
7 airports within the area.
| Airport | IATA | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Shinshu-Matsumoto Airport | MMJ | Medium Airport |
| Futaba Airport | - | Small Airport |
| Kirigamine Gliderport | - | Small Airport |
| Nagano City Gliderport | - | Small Airport |
| Nirasaki Gliderport | - | Small Airport |
| Nishigawara Airfield | - | Small Airport |
| Ogurayama Paraglider Launch | - | Small Airport |
Post Offices in Kamimaruko
7 post offices.
| Post Office | Address |
|---|---|
| Yamato Transport | |
| 丸子郵便局 | |
| 丸子駅前郵便局 | |
| 富士山郵便局 | |
| 東内郵便局 | |
| 東塩田郵便局 | |
| 長瀬郵便局 |
Churches & Religious Organizations in Kamimaruko
6 religious organizations (IRS tax-exempt data).
| Name | Address |
|---|---|
| Ikushima-tarushima Jinja | |
| 佐加神社 | |
| 西光寺 | |
| 長福寺 | |
| 阿曽神社 | |
| 龍願寺 |
Quick Facts
🇯🇵 About Japan
Public Holidays in Japan
16 public holidays this year
Download Full City Report
Get a comprehensive, print-ready PDF with all data for Kamimaruko.
Get ReportFrequently Asked Questions About Kamimaruko
What is the population of Kamimaruko?
Kamimaruko has a population of 25,403 residents and is located in Japan. The population density is 87 people per square mile, spread across 291.4 square miles. The median age of residents is 50.0 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years.
Is Kamimaruko expensive to live in?
The median household income is $30,100, 60% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $76,000 (73% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $380 per month, below the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.5x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
What is the weather like in Kamimaruko?
Kamimaruko has a four-season climate with an average annual temperature of 49°F (10°C). Winter temperatures average 28°F in January, while summers reach an average of 70°F in July. The area receives 252 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 46.3 inches, with 6.9 inches of snow.
How is the job market in Kamimaruko?
The job market in Kamimaruko is very strong, with unemployment at just 2.1% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. There are 813 business establishments in the area.
How much does housing cost in Kamimaruko?
The median home value in Kamimaruko is $76,000. For renters, the median monthly rent is $380.
All Countries























































































































































































































































