Median Income
$59,000
21% lower than US avg
Home Value
$178,400
37% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
0/100K
100% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
12.6%
63% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$1,045
10% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
37.0%
15% higher than US avg
Unemployment
18.0%
400% higher than US avg
Poverty Rate
14.1%
14% higher than US avg
How Reedsville Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population652
Median Age52.1 yrs
Density1,003/mi²
Male / Female54% / 46%
Largest GroupWhite 97%
Veterans13.0%
Economy
C+
Median Income$59,000
Per Capita$33,213
Unemployment18.0%
Poverty14.1%
County GDP$1,012M
Commute27 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$178,400
Rent$1,045
Ownership62.9%
Zillow$191,902
Housing Units274
Rent Burden20.0%
Crime
C+
Violent0/100K
Property496/100K
Murder0.0/100K
Assault0/100K
Burglary0/100K
Health
Obesity37.0%
Uninsured8.8%
Smoking20.6%
Depression32.6%
Heart Disease6.7%
Climate
Avg Temp54°F (12°C)
AQI39 (Good)
Rain43.2 in/yr
Sunny Days293/yr
Elevation1,801 ft (549 m)
Education
C
Bachelor's+12.6%
High School+92.7%
Graduate+7.8%
School Score4.51
Community
2024 VoteR 77% / D 20%
Commute27 min
Broadband93.6%
EV Stations1
Libraries2
Is Reedsville a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Reedsville receives an overall livability score of 3.0 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B. Key strengths include low crime rates, affordable housing, abundant sunshine, strong internet connectivity. Areas to be aware of include above-average unemployment, below-average incomes. Reedsville offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Reedsville is $59,000, 21% below the national average of $75,149. At 18.0%, unemployment is notably high. 14.1% of residents live in poverty, near the national average of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 27 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Reedsville is $178,400, 37% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. Renters pay a median of $1,045 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability. At just 3x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
Reedsville is a very safe community with a violent crime rate of 0 per 100,000 residents / well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 496 per 100,000, 75% below the national average.
Education
12.6% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 92.7% have completed high school. Area schools have an average test score of 4.5/10.
Climate & Weather
Reedsville experiences four distinct seasons with an average temperature of 54°F. Winters average 32°F in January while summers reach 74°F in July. With 293 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 43.2 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 39.
Reedsville has a population of 652 with a density of 1,003 people per square mile, spread across 0.7 square miles. The median age is 52.1 years, 34% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 46.3% female and 53.7% male. The city is predominantly White (96.9%), with 1.1% Black. English is the primary language spoken at home by 96.3% of residents. 13.0% of the population are veterans, above the national rate of 6.0%. 15.8% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 90.9% have health insurance coverage.
Population
52.1yrs
Median Age
34% above US avg
Race & Ethnicity
Reedsville vs U.S. Average
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
96.3%
23% above US avg
Spanish
3.7%
72% below US avg
Social Characteristics
Reedsville vs U.S. Average
The median household income in Reedsville is $59,000, which is 21% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $33,213 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $1,065, 26% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 18.0% (above the 3.6% US average). 14.1% of residents live below the poverty line. The area has 884 business establishments, including 31 restaurants. The cost of living index is 89.5, below the national baseline of 100 / offering relatively affordable living. Workers commute an average of 27 minutes. 5.4% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income: Reedsville vs U.S.
Income
| Median HH Income | $59,000 |
| 21% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $33,213 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,065 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $58,346 |
| Gini Index | 0.416 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 18.0% |
| 400% above US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 14.1% |
| 14% above US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 884 |
| County GDP | $1,012M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 31 |
| Healthcare | 53 |
| Retail | 78 |
| Manufacturing | 19 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $2,185 |
| 38% below US avg |
| Cost of Living | 89.50 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 1.22% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 27.3 min |
| Drive Alone | 88.8% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 5.4% |
The median home value in Reedsville is $178,400, 37% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $191,902. Monthly rent averages $1,045 (10% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $766 for a one-bedroom to $945 for a two-bedroom apartment. 62.9% of housing units are owner-occupied. There are 274 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1976. The average annual property tax is $2,185 (lower than the $3,500 national average). 20.0% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 3x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $178,400 |
| 37% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $191,902 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $1,045 |
| 10% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 20.0% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $714 |
| 1 Bedroom | $766 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $945 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,231 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,380 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 62.9% |
| Owner-Occupied | 62.9% |
| Renter-Occupied | 37.1% |
| Housing Units | 274 |
| Median Year Built | 1976 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $2,185 |
| 38% below US avg |
| Effective Rate | 1.22% |
In Reedsville, 37.0% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 12.3% have diabetes (above the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 6.7% of residents, above the national average. 37.1% have high blood pressure. 20.6% are current smokers (above the 14.0% national rate). 17.6% report binge drinking. 29.6% are physically inactive, above the national average. 32.6% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 23.2% experience frequent mental distress. 8.8% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,643. The dentist ratio is 1:3,797. 45.3% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 7.7 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Reedsville vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 37.0% |
| 15% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 12.3% |
| Heart Disease | 6.7% |
| High Blood Pressure | 37.1% |
| Asthma | 12.4% |
| COPD | 8.8% |
| Cancer | 7.6% |
| Stroke | 3.3% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 20.6% |
| 47% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 17.6% |
| Physical Inactivity | 29.6% |
| Depression | 32.6% |
| Mental Distress | 23.2% |
| Physical Distress | 15.9% |
| Short Sleep | 39.9% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 90.9% |
| Uninsured | 8.8% |
| 2% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:2,643 |
| Dentists | 1:3,797 |
| Mental Health | 1:2,623 |
| Checkup Rate | 77.1% |
| Dental Visits | 54.5% |
| Premature Death | 11,315/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 7.7/10 |
| Exercise Access | 45.3% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 53 |
Reedsville has a violent crime rate of 0 per 100,000 residents, 100% below the national average of 380. This breaks down to aggravated assault at 0.0 per 100,000, robbery at 0.0, rape at 0.0. The murder rate is 0.0 per 100,000 (below the national rate of 6.3). Property crime stands at 496 per 100,000, 75% below the U.S. average. This includes larceny/theft at 496, burglary at 0, vehicle theft at 0 per 100,000 residents. The county recorded 6 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Reedsville receives a safety grade of C+.
Crime Rates: Reedsville vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 0.0/100K |
| 100% below US avg |
| Murder | 0.0/100K |
| 100% below US avg |
| Rape | 0.0/100K |
| Robbery | 0.0/100K |
| Assault | 0.0/100K |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 495.9/100K |
| 75% below US avg |
| Burglary | 0.0/100K |
| Theft | 495.9/100K |
| Vehicle Theft | 0.0/100K |
| Arson | 0.0/100K |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 6 |
| Traffic Accidents | 1 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 2.0 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | C+ |
| Safety Score | 2.5 / 5.0 |
Reedsville experiences four distinct seasons with an average annual temperature of 54°F (12°C). Winters average 32°F in January while summers reach 74°F in July. The area gets 293 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 43.2 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 39. The city sits at an elevation of 1,801 feet.
Temperature
32°F Jan (0°C)
74°F Jul (23°C)
| Annual Average | 53.8°F |
| 0% below US avg |
| January Average | 32°F (0°C) |
| July Average | 74°F (23°C) |
| Sunny Days | 293 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 1,801 ft (549 m) |
| Area | 0.7 sq mi (1.7 km²) |
| Population Density | 1,003/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 39.5103°N, 79.8005°W |
| Timezone | America/New_York |
| County | Preston County County |
| Nearest Airport | Greater Cumberland Regional (CBE) 56 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
43.2"
14% above US avg
Wettest Month (Jul)
4.96"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 39.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Very Low |
| Risk Score | 33.8 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 60.7 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 37.2 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Low |
| Hurricane |
Very Low |
| Earthquake |
Very Low |
| Wildfire |
Very Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Low |
| Hail |
Relatively Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Low |
| Heat Wave |
Very Low |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively Low |
| Lightning |
Relatively Low |
| Ice Storm |
Very Low |
| Drought |
Very Low |
| Cold Wave |
Very Low |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
| Avalanche |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
20 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M3.4. Most recent: M2.8 on Feb 3, 2025.
| Jun 3, 2017 |
1 km WNW of Batesville, Ohio |
M3.4 |
135 km |
| Mar 31, 2013 |
West Virginia |
M3.4 |
131 km |
| Apr 4, 2010 |
14 km SW of Gassaway, West Virginia |
M3.4 |
140 km |
| Aug 31, 2011 |
3 km SE of Lowell, Ohio |
M3.1 |
143 km |
| Apr 2, 2017 |
5 km W of Graysville, Ohio |
M3.0 |
125 km |
| Feb 3, 2025 |
0 km NE of Reno, Ohio |
M2.8 |
137 km |
| Jan 10, 2012 |
14 km WNW of Birch River, West Virginia |
M2.8 |
141 km |
| Jul 30, 2013 |
12 km SSW of Glenville, West Virginia |
M2.8 |
121 km |
| Aug 31, 2011 |
2 km NNW of Belmont, West Virginia |
M2.8 |
127 km |
| Jul 20, 2013 |
6 km SW of Glenville, West Virginia |
M2.7 |
116 km |
| Apr 29, 2010 |
7 km W of Gassaway, West Virginia |
M2.7 |
131 km |
| May 7, 2010 |
14 km WSW of Gassaway, West Virginia |
M2.6 |
139 km |
| Aug 16, 2013 |
13 km SW of Glenville, West Virginia |
M2.6 |
123 km |
| Sep 4, 2011 |
3 km N of Saint Marys, West Virginia |
M2.6 |
121 km |
| Apr 29, 2010 |
3 km WNW of Gassaway, West Virginia |
M2.6 |
127 km |
| Oct 16, 2000 |
West Virginia |
M2.5 |
137 km |
| Apr 29, 2010 |
5 km NNW of Gassaway, West Virginia |
M2.5 |
123 km |
| Sep 11, 2024 |
4 km WNW of Claysville, Pennsylvania |
M2.5 |
89 km |
| Aug 15, 2010 |
19 km ESE of Burnsville, West Virginia |
M2.5 |
94 km |
| Aug 21, 2010 |
19 km WNW of Helvetia, West Virginia |
M2.5 |
95 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Tornado History
154 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF4. Total: 6 fatalities, 213 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Jun 2, 1998 |
EF4 |
78 km |
0 |
| May 31, 1998 |
EF3 |
67 km |
1 |
| Oct 1, 1986 |
EF3 |
87 km |
0 |
| Jun 3, 1980 |
EF3 |
9 km |
0 |
| Jul 11, 1976 |
EF3 |
97 km |
1 |
| May 19, 1967 |
EF3 |
43 km |
1 |
| Aug 3, 1963 |
EF3 |
90 km |
2 |
| Jun 26, 2024 |
EF2 |
99 km |
0 |
| May 11, 2024 |
EF2 |
87 km |
0 |
| Aug 25, 2023 |
EF2 |
57 km |
0 |
| Aug 1, 2022 |
EF2 |
85 km |
0 |
| Oct 21, 2021 |
EF2 |
100 km |
0 |
| Oct 2, 2018 |
EF2 |
78 km |
0 |
| Mar 23, 2011 |
EF2 |
86 km |
0 |
| Jun 2, 1998 |
EF2 |
62 km |
0 |
| Jun 2, 1998 |
EF2 |
66 km |
0 |
| Jun 2, 1998 |
EF2 |
30 km |
0 |
| Aug 15, 1997 |
EF2 |
100 km |
0 |
| Jun 30, 1990 |
EF2 |
74 km |
0 |
| Oct 1, 1986 |
EF2 |
46 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
8 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: NEW CREEK MTN (1,689 ac, 2001).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2001 |
NEW CREEK MTN |
1,689 |
74 km |
| 2013 |
SMOKE HOLE FIRE |
1,436 |
84 km |
| 2019 |
DRY HOLLOW |
1,327 |
87 km |
| 2000 |
BRAKE RUN SHEN. MT. RD. |
1,055 |
99 km |
| 2024 |
SPRING RUN |
847 |
91 km |
| 1994 |
ELKHORN TOWER |
696 |
93 km |
| 2001 |
SOUTH BRANCH |
519 |
86 km |
| 2005 |
UNNAMED |
510 |
95 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
32°F (0°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| February |
30°F (-1°C) |
3.1 in |
Coldest, Driest |
| March |
39°F (4°C) |
4.1 in |
|
| April |
48°F (9°C) |
4.1 in |
|
| May |
58°F (14°C) |
4.5 in |
|
| June |
66°F (19°C) |
4.5 in |
|
| July |
74°F (23°C) |
5.0 in |
Warmest, Wettest |
| August |
69°F (20°C) |
4.3 in |
|
| September |
62°F (17°C) |
3.7 in |
|
| October |
51°F (11°C) |
3.2 in |
|
| November |
42°F (5°C) |
3.7 in |
|
| December |
32°F (0°C) |
3.8 in |
|
Reedsville has a seasonal temperature swing of 44°F / from 30°F in February to 74°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 47.3 inches, with July being the wettest month (5.0") and February the driest (3.1").
Average costs for common services in Reedsville. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$224 ($134–$358) |
| Specialist Visit |
$313 ($179–$492) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$179 ($90–$313) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$1,969 ($716–$4,475) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$116 ($67–$179) |
| Dental Filling |
$224 ($134–$358) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$40 ($22–$67) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$67 ($45–$107) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$269 ($134–$448) |
| Tire Rotation |
$36 ($18–$67) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$537 ($358–$895) |
| Battery Replacement |
$179 ($90–$313) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$90 ($54–$134) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$81 ($45–$125) |
| HVAC Repair |
$358 ($134–$716) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,265 ($3,580–$10,740) |
| Roof Repair |
$895 ($358–$1,790) |
| Roof Replacement |
$8,055 ($4,923–$13,425) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,343 ($448–$3,133) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$13,425 ($4,475–$26,850) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,475 ($1,790–$8,950) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,343 ($716–$2,685) |
| Will Preparation |
$448 ($179–$895) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,238 ($895–$4,475) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$22 ($13–$40) |
| Women's Haircut |
$49 ($27–$90) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$134 ($67–$224) |
| Manicure |
$22 ($13–$40) |
| Pedicure |
$36 ($22–$58) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$72 ($45–$116) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.67 ($2.69–$4.92) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.13 ($2.24–$4.48) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.40 ($2.24–$4.92) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.03 ($2.69–$5.82) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$4.92 ($3.58–$6.71) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.90 ($0.54–$1.61) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$125 ($72–$224) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$63 ($27–$134) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$63 ($36–$107) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$63 ($36–$90) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$58 ($27–$90) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$76 ($45–$134) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$179 ($67–$448) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,790 ($1,074–$3,133) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$63 ($27–$116) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$13 ($7.16–$22) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$90 ($27–$224) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$27 ($13–$67) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,074 ($537–$2,238) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$895 ($448–$1,790) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$358 ($179–$627) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$45 ($22–$90) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$895 ($358–$2,238) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$11,188 ($4,475–$26,850) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$54 ($27–$90) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$90 ($45–$179) |
| Dog Grooming |
$54 ($27–$90) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$36 ($18–$67) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$269 ($134–$448) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$179 ($90–$358) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $792 |
| Toddler | $752 |
| Preschool | $770 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $692 |
| Toddler | $583 |
| Preschool | $583 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Reedsville
What is the population of Reedsville?
Reedsville has a population of 652 residents and is located in West Virginia. The population density is 1,003 people per square mile, spread across 0.7 square miles. The median age of residents is 52.1 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 46.3% female and 53.7% male.
Is Reedsville expensive to live in?
Reedsville is more affordable than the national average, with a cost of living index of 89.5 / below the baseline of 100. The median household income is $59,000, 21% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $178,400 (37% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $1,045 per month. The home price-to-income ratio is 3x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Reedsville safe?
Reedsville is considered a very safe city with a violent crime rate of 0 per 100,000 residents, well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 496 per 100,000 (below the national average). Overall, Reedsville receives a safety grade of C+ based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Reedsville?
Reedsville has a four-season climate with an average annual temperature of 54°F (12°C). Winter temperatures average 32°F in January, while summers reach an average of 74°F in July. The area receives 293 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 43.2 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 39.
How is the job market in Reedsville?
The job market in Reedsville faces challenges, with unemployment at 18.0% / significantly above the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $1,065. There are 884 business establishments in the area, including 31 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 27 minutes, and 5.4% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Reedsville?
The median home value in Reedsville is $178,400. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $191,902. For renters, the median monthly rent is $1,045. Fair market rent is $766 for a 1-bedroom and $945 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 62.9%. The average annual property tax is $2,185.
How are the schools in Reedsville?
Schools in Reedsville have an average test score of 4.5 out of 10, below typical national benchmarks. Families may want to research individual school ratings. 12.6% of adults in Reedsville hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 92.7% have completed high school. 7.8% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Reedsville?
The obesity rate in Reedsville is 37.0% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 20.6% of adults are smokers. 29.6% are physically inactive. 32.6% of residents report depression. 8.8% lack health insurance. 45.3% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,643.
What is transportation like in Reedsville?
The average commute in Reedsville is 27 minutes. 88.8% of workers drive alone to work, and 5.4% work from home.
What are the demographics of Reedsville?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Reedsville is 96.9% White, 1.1% Black or African American. 96.3% of residents speak only English at home, while 3.7% speak Spanish. 13.0% of the population are military veterans. 15.8% of residents have a disability. 90.9% have health insurance coverage.