Median Income
$65,763
12% lower than US avg
Home Value
$196,000
30% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
89/100K
77% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
19.9%
41% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$778
33% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
37.5%
17% higher than US avg
Unemployment
5.5%
53% higher than US avg
Poverty Rate
7.9%
36% lower than US avg
How Sauk Centre Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population4,589
Median Age39.3 yrs
Density1,119/mi²
Male / Female47% / 53%
Largest GroupWhite 92%
Veterans10.0%
Economy
B+
Median Income$65,763
Per Capita$34,823
Unemployment5.5%
Poverty7.9%
County GDP$12,618M
Commute29 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$196,000
Rent$778
Ownership61.0%
Zillow$313,993
Housing Units2,157
Rent Burden28.3%
Crime
F
Violent89/100K
Property2,271/100K
Murder0.0/100K
Assault67/100K
Burglary134/100K
Health
Obesity37.5%
Uninsured9.8%
Smoking16.4%
Depression26.3%
Heart Disease5.6%
Climate
Avg Temp42°F (6°C)
AQI36 (Good)
Rain29.1 in/yr
Sunny Days276/yr
Elevation1,253 ft (382 m)
Education
C+
Bachelor's+19.9%
High School+92.0%
Graduate+6.6%
School Score6.21
Community
2024 VoteR 62% / D 36%
Commute29 min
Broadband87.1%
EV Stations1
Libraries10
Is Sauk Centre a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Sauk Centre receives an overall livability score of 3.1 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B. Key strengths include low crime rates, affordable housing, abundant sunshine, a low poverty rate. Areas to be aware of include above-average unemployment. Sauk Centre offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Sauk Centre is $65,763, 12% below the national average of $75,149. The unemployment rate of 5.5% is somewhat elevated compared to the national rate of 3.6%. Only 7.9% of residents live below the poverty line, well below the national rate of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 29 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Sauk Centre is $196,000, 30% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. Renters pay a median of $778 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability. At just 3x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
Sauk Centre is a very safe community with a violent crime rate of 89 per 100,000 residents / well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,271 per 100,000, near the national average.
Education
19.9% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 92.0% have completed high school. Local schools score 6.2/10 in standardized testing, reflecting strong academic performance.
Climate & Weather
Sauk Centre has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 42°F. Winters average 10°F in January while summers reach 70°F in July. With 276 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 29.1 inches, including 39.0 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 36.
Sauk Centre has a population of 4,589 with a density of 1,119 people per square mile, spread across 4.3 square miles. The median age is 39.3 years, 1% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 53.2% female and 46.8% male. The city is predominantly White (91.6%), with 1.4% Hispanic. English is the primary language spoken at home by 92.1% of residents, while 7.9% speak Spanish. 10.0% of the population are veterans, above the national rate of 6.0%. 19.1% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 90.0% have health insurance coverage.
Population
39.3yrs
Median Age
1% above US avg
Race & Ethnicity
Sauk Centre vs U.S. Average
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
92.1%
17% above US avg
Spanish
7.9%
41% below US avg
Social Characteristics
Sauk Centre vs U.S. Average
The median household income in Sauk Centre is $65,763, which is 12% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $34,823 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $1,198, 16% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 5.5% (above the 3.6% US average). 7.9% of residents live below the poverty line, lower than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 4,733 business establishments, including 391 restaurants. The cost of living index is 98.6, roughly in line with the national average. Workers commute an average of 29 minutes. 7.9% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income: Sauk Centre vs U.S.
Income
| Median HH Income | $65,763 |
| 12% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $34,823 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,198 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $79,564 |
| Gini Index | 0.431 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 5.5% |
| 53% above US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 7.9% |
| 36% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 4,733 |
| County GDP | $12,618M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 391 |
| Healthcare | 529 |
| Retail | 642 |
| Manufacturing | 231 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $5,101 |
| 46% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 98.60 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 2.60% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 29.2 min |
| Drive Alone | 74.5% |
| Public Transit | 0.4% |
| Work from Home | 7.9% |
The median home value in Sauk Centre is $196,000, 30% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $313,993, higher than the Census estimate. Homes sell for 91.8% of their list price, suggesting buyers have room to negotiate. Monthly rent averages $778 (33% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $899 for a one-bedroom to $1,125 for a two-bedroom apartment. 61.0% of housing units are owner-occupied. There are 2,157 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1966. The average annual property tax is $5,101 (higher than the $3,500 national average). 28.3% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 3x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $196,000 |
| 30% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $313,993 |
| Median List Price | $254,950 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
| Median List Price | $254,950 |
| $/Sq Ft | $135 |
| Homes Sold | 1 |
| Sale-to-List Ratio | 91.8% |
| Price Drops | 7.7% |
| Inventory | 13 |
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $778 |
| 33% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 28.3% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $809 |
| 1 Bedroom | $899 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,125 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,483 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,698 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 61.0% |
| Owner-Occupied | 61.0% |
| Renter-Occupied | 39.0% |
| Housing Units | 2,157 |
| Median Year Built | 1966 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $5,101 |
| 46% above US avg |
| Effective Rate | 2.60% |
In Sauk Centre, 37.5% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 9.4% have diabetes. Heart disease affects 5.6% of residents. 28.2% have high blood pressure. 16.4% are current smokers. 20.2% report binge drinking. 24.3% are physically inactive. 26.3% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 17.6% experience frequent mental distress. 9.8% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,025. The dentist ratio is 1:1,224. 77.6% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 8.5 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Sauk Centre vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 37.5% |
| 17% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 9.4% |
| Heart Disease | 5.6% |
| High Blood Pressure | 28.2% |
| Asthma | 10.3% |
| COPD | 5.8% |
| Cancer | 7.4% |
| Stroke | 3.0% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 16.4% |
| 17% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 20.2% |
| Physical Inactivity | 24.3% |
| Depression | 26.3% |
| Mental Distress | 17.6% |
| Physical Distress | 12.3% |
| Short Sleep | 30.3% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 90.0% |
| Uninsured | 9.8% |
| 14% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:1,025 |
| Dentists | 1:1,224 |
| Mental Health | 1:235 |
| Checkup Rate | 72.0% |
| Dental Visits | 67.0% |
| Premature Death | 6,211/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 8.5/10 |
| Exercise Access | 77.6% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 529 |
Sauk Centre has a violent crime rate of 89 per 100,000 residents, 77% below the national average of 380. This breaks down to aggravated assault at 66.8 per 100,000, robbery at 0.0, rape at 22.3. The murder rate is 0.0 per 100,000 (below the national rate of 6.3). Property crime stands at 2,271 per 100,000, 16% above the U.S. average. This includes larceny/theft at 2,048, burglary at 134, vehicle theft at 89 per 100,000 residents. The county recorded 10 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Sauk Centre receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Sauk Centre vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 89.1/100K |
| 77% below US avg |
| Murder | 0.0/100K |
| 100% below US avg |
| Rape | 22.3/100K |
| Robbery | 0.0/100K |
| Assault | 66.8/100K |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 2,270.7/100K |
| 16% above US avg |
| Burglary | 133.6/100K |
| Theft | 2,048.1/100K |
| Vehicle Theft | 89.1/100K |
| Arson | 0.0/100K |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 10 |
| Traffic Accidents | 764 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 2.1 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Sauk Centre has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 42°F (6°C). Winters average 10°F in January while summers reach 70°F in July. The area gets 276 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 29.1 inches (drier than the 38-inch national average). The area receives 39.0 inches of snow annually, a moderate snowfall amount. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 36. The city sits at an elevation of 1,253 feet.
Temperature
10°F Jan (-12°C)
70°F Jul (21°C)
| Annual Average | 42.0°F |
| 22% below US avg |
| January Average | 10°F (-12°C) |
| July Average | 70°F (21°C) |
| Sunny Days | 276 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 1,253 ft (382 m) |
| Area | 4.3 sq mi (11.0 km²) |
| Population Density | 1,119/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 45.7365°N, 94.9527°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Stearns County County |
| Nearest Airport | St Cloud Regional (STC)
45 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
29.1"
23% below US avg
Wettest Month (Jun)
4.09"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 36.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
| Ozone (O₃) | 0.0456 ppm |
| PM2.5 (Fine Particles) | 8.7 μg/m³ |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Moderate |
| Risk Score | 87.6 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 24.1 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 96.2 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively High |
| Earthquake |
Very Low |
| Wildfire |
Relatively Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hail |
Relatively High |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively High |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively High |
| Lightning |
Relatively High |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Moderate |
| Drought |
Relatively Low |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
4 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M4.1. Most recent: M2.5 on Apr 29, 2011.
| Jun 5, 1993 |
11 km N of Johnson, Minnesota |
M4.1 |
104 km |
| Oct 20, 1995 |
8 km SSE of New Effington, South Dakota |
M3.7 |
148 km |
| Feb 9, 1994 |
6 km NNE of Blomkest, Minnesota |
M3.1 |
82 km |
| Apr 29, 2011 |
Minnesota |
M2.5 |
53 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Tornado History
422 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF4. Total: 9 fatalities, 175 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Jul 8, 2020 |
EF4 |
86 km |
1 |
| Jun 17, 2010 |
EF4 |
54 km |
1 |
| Jun 17, 2010 |
EF4 |
77 km |
0 |
| Jul 11, 2008 |
EF3 |
76 km |
0 |
| Jun 13, 2001 |
EF3 |
56 km |
0 |
| Sep 18, 1997 |
EF3 |
79 km |
1 |
| Jul 1, 1997 |
EF3 |
100 km |
0 |
| Jun 16, 1992 |
EF3 |
98 km |
0 |
| Jul 5, 1991 |
EF3 |
94 km |
0 |
| Sep 3, 1980 |
EF3 |
61 km |
1 |
| Aug 26, 1977 |
EF3 |
77 km |
0 |
| Jun 18, 1964 |
EF3 |
42 km |
0 |
| May 5, 1964 |
EF3 |
22 km |
0 |
| May 30, 2022 |
EF2 |
83 km |
0 |
| May 30, 2022 |
EF2 |
70 km |
0 |
| May 30, 2022 |
EF2 |
94 km |
0 |
| May 30, 2022 |
EF2 |
34 km |
0 |
| May 12, 2022 |
EF2 |
70 km |
0 |
| Aug 14, 2020 |
EF2 |
90 km |
0 |
| Jul 8, 2020 |
EF2 |
74 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: UNNAMED (9,055 ac, 2007).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2007 |
UNNAMED |
9,055 |
69 km |
| 2009 |
CENTER TANK RANGE |
6,131 |
65 km |
| 2002 |
UNIT 4 |
5,887 |
95 km |
| 1988 |
UNNAMED |
4,475 |
65 km |
| 2009 |
BU9 |
4,112 |
95 km |
| 1988 |
UNNAMED |
3,642 |
91 km |
| 2009 |
BU11 |
3,242 |
98 km |
| 2009 |
HENDRICKSON IMPACT AREA |
2,757 |
73 km |
| 2024 |
UNIT 8E RX |
2,551 |
97 km |
| 1988 |
UNNAMED |
2,243 |
90 km |
| 2009 |
EAST TANK RANGE |
1,801 |
62 km |
| 2006 |
UNIT 4 |
1,732 |
95 km |
| 1987 |
UNNAMED |
1,655 |
62 km |
| 2004 |
WUI UNIT 16 |
1,592 |
99 km |
| 1995 |
UNIT 16 |
1,570 |
99 km |
| 2012 |
JEEP FIRE |
1,437 |
94 km |
| 1998 |
UNITS 23 A |
1,268 |
93 km |
| 1996 |
CARPENTER |
1,207 |
95 km |
| 1992 |
UNITS 68 |
1,142 |
95 km |
| 1998 |
WEST SKUNK |
1,129 |
61 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
10°F (-12°C) |
0.8 in |
Coldest |
| February |
17°F (-9°C) |
0.7 in |
Driest |
| March |
29°F (-2°C) |
1.5 in |
|
| April |
44°F (7°C) |
2.2 in |
|
| May |
58°F (14°C) |
3.1 in |
|
| June |
67°F (19°C) |
4.1 in |
Wettest |
| July |
70°F (21°C) |
3.4 in |
Warmest |
| August |
69°F (20°C) |
3.4 in |
|
| September |
59°F (15°C) |
3.0 in |
|
| October |
47°F (8°C) |
2.3 in |
|
| November |
29°F (-1°C) |
1.3 in |
|
| December |
15°F (-9°C) |
0.8 in |
|
Sauk Centre has a seasonal temperature swing of 61°F / from 10°F in January to 70°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 26.5 inches, with June being the wettest month (4.1") and February the driest (0.7").
Average costs for common services in Sauk Centre. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$247 ($148–$394) |
| Specialist Visit |
$345 ($197–$542) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$197 ($99–$345) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$2,169 ($789–$4,930) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$128 ($74–$197) |
| Dental Filling |
$247 ($148–$394) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$44 ($25–$74) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$74 ($49–$118) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$296 ($148–$493) |
| Tire Rotation |
$39 ($20–$74) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$592 ($394–$986) |
| Battery Replacement |
$197 ($99–$345) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$99 ($59–$148) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$89 ($49–$138) |
| HVAC Repair |
$394 ($148–$789) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,902 ($3,944–$11,832) |
| Roof Repair |
$986 ($394–$1,972) |
| Roof Replacement |
$8,874 ($5,423–$14,790) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,479 ($493–$3,451) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$14,790 ($4,930–$29,580) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,930 ($1,972–$9,860) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,479 ($789–$2,958) |
| Will Preparation |
$493 ($197–$986) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,465 ($986–$4,930) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$25 ($15–$44) |
| Women's Haircut |
$54 ($30–$99) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$148 ($74–$247) |
| Manicure |
$25 ($15–$44) |
| Pedicure |
$39 ($25–$64) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$79 ($49–$128) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$4.04 ($2.96–$5.42) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.45 ($2.47–$4.93) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.75 ($2.47–$5.42) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.44 ($2.96–$6.41) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$5.42 ($3.94–$7.40) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.99 ($0.59–$1.77) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$138 ($79–$247) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$69 ($30–$148) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$69 ($39–$118) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$69 ($39–$99) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$64 ($30–$99) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$84 ($49–$148) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$197 ($74–$493) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,972 ($1,183–$3,451) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$69 ($30–$128) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$15 ($7.89–$25) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$99 ($30–$247) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$30 ($15–$74) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,183 ($592–$2,465) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$986 ($493–$1,972) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$394 ($197–$690) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$49 ($25–$99) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$986 ($394–$2,465) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$12,325 ($4,930–$29,580) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$59 ($30–$99) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$99 ($49–$197) |
| Dog Grooming |
$59 ($30–$99) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$39 ($20–$74) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$296 ($148–$493) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$197 ($99–$394) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $1,865 |
| Toddler | $1,653 |
| Preschool | $1,458 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $621 |
| Toddler | $570 |
| Preschool | $570 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Sauk Centre
What is the population of Sauk Centre?
Sauk Centre has a population of 4,589 residents and is located in Minnesota. The population density is 1,119 people per square mile, spread across 4.3 square miles. The median age of residents is 39.3 years. The population is 53.2% female and 46.8% male.
Is Sauk Centre expensive to live in?
Sauk Centre has a cost of living roughly in line with the national average, with an index of 98.6 (baseline: 100). The median household income is $65,763, 12% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $196,000 (30% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $778 per month, below the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 3x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Sauk Centre safe?
Sauk Centre is considered a very safe city with a violent crime rate of 89 per 100,000 residents, well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,271 per 100,000 (above the national average). Overall, Sauk Centre receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Sauk Centre?
Sauk Centre has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 42°F (6°C). Winter temperatures average 10°F in January, while summers reach an average of 70°F in July. The area receives 276 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 29.1 inches, with 39.0 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 36.
How is the job market in Sauk Centre?
The unemployment rate in Sauk Centre is 5.5%, somewhat above the national average of 3.6%. Job seekers may face moderate competition. The average weekly wage is $1,198. There are 4,733 business establishments in the area, including 391 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 29 minutes, and 7.9% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Sauk Centre?
The median home value in Sauk Centre is $196,000. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $313,993. For renters, the median monthly rent is $778. Fair market rent is $899 for a 1-bedroom and $1,125 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 61.0%. The average annual property tax is $5,101.
How are the schools in Sauk Centre?
Schools in Sauk Centre score 6.2 out of 10 on standardized testing, near the national average. 19.9% of adults in Sauk Centre hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 92.0% have completed high school. 6.6% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Sauk Centre?
The obesity rate in Sauk Centre is 37.5% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 16.4% of adults are smokers. 24.3% are physically inactive. 26.3% of residents report depression. 9.8% lack health insurance. 77.6% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,025.
What is transportation like in Sauk Centre?
The average commute in Sauk Centre is 29 minutes. 74.5% of workers drive alone to work, and 7.9% work from home.
What are the demographics of Sauk Centre?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Sauk Centre is 91.6% White, 1.4% Hispanic or Latino. 92.1% of residents speak only English at home, while 7.9% speak Spanish. 10.0% of the population are military veterans. 19.1% of residents have a disability. 90.0% have health insurance coverage.
All Countries
