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Weather & Climate in Columbia, TN
Temperature, precipitation, air quality, natural hazards, and monthly weather data.
Columbia enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 58°F (14°C). Winters average 37°F in January while summers reach 78°F in July. The area gets 301 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 56.8 inches (wetter than the 38-inch national average). Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 40. The city sits at an elevation of 653 feet.
Temperature
37°F Jan (3°C)
78°F Jul (25°C)
| Annual Average | 58.0°F |
| 7% above US avg | |
| January Average | 37°F (3°C) |
| July Average | 78°F (25°C) |
| Sunny Days | 301 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 653 ft (199 m) |
| Area | 31.6 sq mi (81.7 km²) |
| Population Density | 1,205/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 35.6238°N, 87.0425°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Maury County County |
| Nearest Airport | Maury County Regional (MRC) 9 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 40.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Low |
| Risk Score | 79.3 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 24.1 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 61.7 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado | Relatively High |
| Hurricane | Very Low |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low |
| Wildfire | Very Low |
| Flood | Relatively Moderate |
| Hail | Very Low |
| Strong Wind | Relatively High |
| Heat Wave | Relatively Low |
| Winter Weather | Relatively Moderate |
| Lightning | Relatively Moderate |
| Ice Storm | Relatively Moderate |
| Drought | Very Low |
| Cold Wave | Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide | Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
29 earthquakes (M2.5+) recorded within 150 km since 1990. Strongest on record: M3.9.
| Dec 8, 2001 | 5 km SW of Pleasant Groves, Alabama | M3.9 | 126 km | 0 km |
| May 10, 2020 | 7 km SSE of Sewanee, Tennessee | M3.1 | 117 km | 8 km |
| May 4, 1994 | 12 km NNW of Addison, Alabama | M3.0 | 149 km | 5 km |
| Jan 2, 2000 | 4 km SW of Lester, Alabama | M2.9 | 75 km | 13 km |
| Jan 2, 2000 | 4 km SW of Lester, Alabama | M2.9 | 75 km | 10 km |
| May 13, 1999 | 7 km NW of Elkmont, Alabama | M2.8 | 71 km | 10 km |
| May 13, 1999 | 11 km S of Pulaski, Tennessee | M2.8 | 59 km | 20 km |
| Sep 20, 1990 | 6 km N of Elkmont, Alabama | M2.8 | 71 km | 4 km |
| May 10, 2020 | 7 km SSE of Sewanee, Tennessee | M2.8 | 118 km | 6 km |
| Jan 16, 2019 | 5 km SSE of Wartrace, Tennessee | M2.8 | 68 km | 7 km |
| Oct 20, 2017 | 5 km ENE of Hollywood, Alabama | M2.7 | 141 km | 5 km |
| Mar 11, 2006 | 17 km E of Olivet, Tennessee | M2.7 | 100 km | 2 km |
| Mar 11, 2017 | 6 km SW of Trinity, Alabama | M2.7 | 118 km | 5 km |
| Aug 13, 2022 | 6 km NW of Hazel Green, Alabama | M2.7 | 81 km | 13 km |
| Jul 31, 1999 | 5 km SW of Moulton, Alabama | M2.6 | 134 km | 0 km |
| Jul 31, 1999 | 3 km SSW of Moulton, Alabama | M2.6 | 133 km | 0 km |
| Sep 9, 2000 | 10 km NNW of Kimball, Tennessee | M2.6 | 131 km | 6 km |
| Jul 8, 2001 | 7 km SE of Franklin, Tennessee | M2.6 | 36 km | 0 km |
| Dec 8, 1997 | 6 km NE of Murfreesboro, Tennessee | M2.6 | 70 km | 0 km |
| Jun 1, 2019 | 4 km ESE of Manchester, Tennessee | M2.6 | 92 km | 6 km |
Source: USGS Earthquake Catalog (M2.5+, 1990-2025). Sorted by magnitude.
Tornado History
580 tornadoes (EF0+) recorded within 100 km since 1950. Strongest on record: EF5. Total: 77 fatalities, 1,648 injuries.
| Date | Rating | Distance | Path | Fatalities |
| Apr 16, 1998 | EF5 | 99 km | 69.4 mi | 3 |
| Apr 10, 2009 | EF4 | 23 km | 23.3 mi | 2 |
| May 5, 1999 | EF4 | 80 km | 6.0 mi | 3 |
| Jan 24, 1997 | EF4 | 52 km | 6.5 mi | 0 |
| May 18, 1995 | EF4 | 80 km | 29.0 mi | 3 |
| May 18, 1995 | EF4 | 88 km | 39.0 mi | 1 |
| Dec 24, 1988 | EF4 | 35 km | 6.0 mi | 1 |
| Apr 3, 1974 | EF4 | 85 km | 27.5 mi | 11 |
| Apr 27, 1970 | EF4 | 92 km | 42.6 mi | 3 |
| Feb 29, 1952 | EF4 | 67 km | 2.0 mi | 2 |
| Feb 13, 1952 | EF4 | 82 km | 12.7 mi | 3 |
| May 8, 2024 | EF3 | 100 km | 3.8 mi | 0 |
| May 8, 2024 | EF3 | 4 km | 11.5 mi | 1 |
| Apr 1, 2023 | EF3 | 84 km | 12.0 mi | 1 |
| Mar 3, 2020 | EF3 | 61 km | 60.1 mi | 5 |
| Dec 23, 2015 | EF3 | 100 km | 48.4 mi | 0 |
| Apr 28, 2014 | EF3 | 82 km | 26.8 mi | 2 |
| Apr 28, 2014 | EF3 | 96 km | 15.6 mi | 2 |
| Mar 2, 2012 | EF3 | 96 km | 34.0 mi | 0 |
| Apr 11, 2008 | EF3 | 36 km | 4.7 mi | 0 |
Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center (EF0+, 1950-2024, US only).
Wildfire History
4 wildfires (100+ acres) recorded within 100 km. Largest: ROCKHOUSE ROAD (791 acres, 2007).
| Year | Name | Acres Burned | Distance |
| 2007 | ROCKHOUSE ROAD | 791 | 64 km |
| 1999 | UNNAMED | 564 | 59 km |
| 1996 | UNNAMED | 523 | 78 km |
| 2014 | MERIWETHER LEWIS | 513 | 39 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN Wildfire Records (100+ acres).
Monthly Weather
| Month | Avg Temperature | Precipitation | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 37°F (3°C) | 4.4 in | Coldest |
| February | 41°F (5°C) | 4.4 in | |
| March | 49°F (10°C) | 5.9 in | Wettest |
| April | 58°F (14°C) | 4.9 in | |
| May | 66°F (19°C) | 5.4 in | |
| June | 74°F (23°C) | 3.9 in | |
| July | 78°F (25°C) | 4.7 in | Warmest |
| August | 77°F (25°C) | 3.5 in | Driest |
| September | 71°F (21°C) | 3.8 in | |
| October | 59°F (15°C) | 3.6 in | |
| November | 49°F (9°C) | 4.8 in | |
| December | 41°F (5°C) | 5.2 in |
Columbia has a seasonal temperature swing of 40°F / from 37°F in January to 78°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 54.4 inches, with March being the wettest month (5.9") and August the driest (3.5").