Weather & Climate in Elgin, IL
Temperature, precipitation, air quality, natural hazards, and monthly weather data.
Elgin experiences four distinct seasons with an average annual temperature of 49°F (9°C). Winters average 22°F in January while summers reach 74°F in July. Annual precipitation totals 39.9 inches. The area receives 32.1 inches of snow annually, a moderate snowfall amount. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 43. 67% of days have good air quality. The city sits at an elevation of 817 feet.
Temperature
22°F Jan (-6°C)
74°F Jul (23°C)
| Annual Average | 49.0°F |
| 9% below US avg | |
| January Average | 22°F (-6°C) |
| July Average | 74°F (23°C) |
Geography
| Elevation | 817 ft (249 m) |
| Area | 37.7 sq mi (97.7 km²) |
| Population Density | 2,989/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 42.0390°N, 88.3257°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | McHenry County County |
| Nearest Airport | Chicago O'Hare International (ORD) 22 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 43.0 |
| Rating | Good |
| Good Days % | 66.9% |
| Unhealthy Days | 1 |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Moderate |
| Risk Score | 90.8 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 10.6 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 84.0 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado | Relatively High |
| Hurricane | Very Low |
| Earthquake | Relatively Low |
| Wildfire | Very Low |
| Flood | Relatively Moderate |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind | Relatively High |
| Heat Wave | Relatively Low |
| Winter Weather | Relatively Moderate |
| Lightning | Relatively Moderate |
| Ice Storm | Relatively Low |
| Drought | Relatively Low |
| Cold Wave | Relatively High |
| Landslide | Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
8 earthquakes (M2.5+) recorded within 150 km since 1990. Strongest on record: M4.2.
| Jun 28, 2004 | 12 km NW of Dayton, Illinois | M4.2 | 80 km | 10 km |
| Feb 10, 2010 | 2 km NW of Lily Lake, Illinois | M3.8 | 16 km | 10 km |
| Sep 2, 1999 | 8 km W of Amboy, Illinois | M3.5 | 98 km | 5 km |
| Nov 4, 2013 | 1 km SSW of Lyons, Illinois | M3.2 | 49 km | 1 km |
| Jul 15, 2024 | 2 km WNW of Somonauk, Illinois | M3.1 | 54 km | 10 km |
| Mar 25, 2015 | 3 km WNW of Lake in the Hills, Illinois | M2.9 | 17 km | 6 km |
| Jun 10, 2013 | 4 km NNE of Virgil, Illinois | M2.6 | 16 km | 5 km |
| Mar 15, 2025 | 6 km W of Dwight, Illinois | M2.6 | 107 km | 5 km |
Source: USGS Earthquake Catalog (M2.5+, 1990-2025). Sorted by magnitude.
Tornado History
583 tornadoes (EF0+) recorded within 100 km since 1950. Strongest on record: EF5. Total: 110 fatalities, 2,202 injuries.
| Date | Rating | Distance | Path | Fatalities |
| Aug 28, 1990 | EF5 | 40 km | 16.4 mi | 29 |
| Apr 9, 2015 | EF4 | 82 km | 30.1 mi | 2 |
| Jun 29, 1979 | EF4 | 58 km | 5.4 mi | 0 |
| Jun 13, 1976 | EF4 | 49 km | 3.3 mi | 2 |
| Sep 28, 1972 | EF4 | 46 km | 5.2 mi | 0 |
| Apr 21, 1967 | EF4 | 58 km | 15.0 mi | 33 |
| Apr 21, 1967 | EF4 | 53 km | 25.5 mi | 24 |
| Apr 21, 1967 | EF4 | 13 km | 8.8 mi | 1 |
| Apr 11, 1965 | EF4 | 21 km | 9.1 mi | 6 |
| Apr 17, 1963 | EF4 | 97 km | 57.3 mi | 1 |
| Jun 20, 2021 | EF3 | 34 km | 17.6 mi | 0 |
| Feb 28, 2017 | EF3 | 95 km | 11.5 mi | 2 |
| Jun 22, 2015 | EF3 | 81 km | 16.3 mi | 0 |
| Jan 7, 2008 | EF3 | 57 km | 10.8 mi | 0 |
| Jan 7, 2008 | EF3 | 57 km | 13.2 mi | 0 |
| Mar 27, 1991 | EF3 | 54 km | 15.0 mi | 0 |
| Apr 27, 1984 | EF3 | 54 km | 9.0 mi | 1 |
| Jun 30, 1977 | EF3 | 76 km | 6.1 mi | 0 |
| Mar 12, 1976 | EF3 | 46 km | 22.6 mi | 0 |
| Nov 12, 1965 | EF3 | 89 km | 4.1 mi | 0 |
Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center (EF0+, 1950-2024, US only).
Tsunami History
1 tsunami recorded within 500 km. Highest wave on record: 3.0 m (10 ft).
| Year | Location | Cause | Max Wave | Deaths | Distance |
| 1954 | MICHIGAN CITY, IN (LAKE MICHIGAN) | Avalanche | 3.0 m | 7 | 125 km |
Source: NOAA/NCEI Historical Tsunami Database.
Wildfire History
9 wildfires (100+ acres) recorded within 100 km. Largest: UNNAMED (1,741 acres, 2019).
| Year | Name | Acres Burned | Distance |
| 2019 | UNNAMED | 1,741 | 75 km |
| 2019 | UNNAMED | 1,664 | 77 km |
| 2021 | NORTHEAST PRAIRIE UNIT 3 | 978 | 79 km |
| 2024 | NORTHEAST PRAIRIE 3 RX | 938 | 77 km |
| 2021 | UNNAMED | 738 | 76 km |
| 2021 | MIDDLE GRANT CREEK | 700 | 76 km |
| 2019 | UNNAMED | 698 | 76 km |
| 2024 | IBSP SOUTH F1 RX | 690 | 59 km |
| 2017 | UNNAMED | 549 | 76 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN Wildfire Records (100+ acres).
Monthly Weather
| Month | Avg Temperature | Precipitation | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 22°F (-6°C) | 2.0 in | Coldest |
| February | 26°F (-4°C) | 1.9 in | Driest |
| March | 36°F (2°C) | 2.4 in | |
| April | 48°F (9°C) | 4.0 in | |
| May | 59°F (15°C) | 5.1 in | Wettest |
| June | 69°F (21°C) | 4.5 in | |
| July | 74°F (23°C) | 4.0 in | Warmest |
| August | 72°F (22°C) | 4.3 in | |
| September | 64°F (18°C) | 3.5 in | |
| October | 52°F (11°C) | 3.3 in | |
| November | 39°F (4°C) | 2.7 in | |
| December | 28°F (-2°C) | 2.2 in |
Elgin has a seasonal temperature swing of 52°F / from 22°F in January to 74°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 39.9 inches, with May being the wettest month (5.1") and February the driest (1.9").