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Weather & Climate in Madison, IL
Temperature, precipitation, air quality, natural hazards, and monthly weather data.
Madison enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F (14°C). Winters average 32°F in January while summers reach 79°F in July. The area gets 293 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 40.8 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 49. 53% of days have good air quality. The city sits at an elevation of 411 feet.
Temperature
32°F Jan (0°C)
79°F Jul (26°C)
| Annual Average | 56.5°F |
| 5% above US avg | |
| January Average | 32°F (0°C) |
| July Average | 79°F (26°C) |
| Sunny Days | 293 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 411 ft (125 m) |
| Area | 14.2 sq mi (36.6 km²) |
| Population Density | 197/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 38.6863°N, 90.1018°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | St. Louis city County |
| Nearest Airport | St Louis Regional (ALN) 14 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 49.0 |
| Rating | Good |
| Good Days % | 52.7% |
| Unhealthy Days | 6 |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively High |
| Risk Score | 98.7 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 71.9 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 61.0 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado | Very High |
| Hurricane | Very Low |
| Earthquake | Relatively High |
| Wildfire | Very Low |
| Flood | Relatively High |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind | Relatively High |
| Heat Wave | Very High |
| Winter Weather | Relatively Moderate |
| Lightning | Relatively High |
| Ice Storm | Relatively High |
| Drought | No Rating |
| Cold Wave | Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide | Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
41 earthquakes (M2.5+) recorded within 150 km since 1990. Strongest on record: M3.9.
| Jun 7, 2011 | 18 km NNW of Potosi, Missouri | M3.9 | 97 km | 21 km |
| Mar 2, 1990 | 9 km NW of Vernon, Illinois | M3.4 | 83 km | 0 km |
| Aug 27, 1993 | 5 km SSE of Olympian Village, Missouri | M3.3 | 72 km | 22 km |
| Jan 29, 1993 | 7 km WNW of Brownstown, Illinois | M3.2 | 101 km | 5 km |
| Oct 24, 1990 | 5 km ENE of Woodlawn, Illinois | M3.2 | 105 km | 1 km |
| May 2, 2003 | 10 km ENE of Thompsonville, Illinois | M3.2 | 149 km | 0 km |
| Dec 27, 1992 | 2 km E of Pocahontas, Missouri | M3.2 | 139 km | 10 km |
| Apr 6, 1994 | 2 km NE of Tamaroa, Illinois | M3.2 | 97 km | 15 km |
| Jul 1, 2017 | 9 km SSE of Mulberry Grove, Illinois | M3.1 | 78 km | 17 km |
| Jan 23, 1991 | 3 km WSW of Logan, Illinois | M3.1 | 136 km | 1 km |
| Jun 27, 2005 | 6 km E of Grand Tower, Illinois | M3.0 | 131 km | 10 km |
| Feb 28, 1994 | 5 km NW of Harrison, Illinois | M3.0 | 114 km | 5 km |
| Jul 8, 2003 | 1 km N of Leasburg, Missouri | M2.9 | 122 km | 4 km |
| May 18, 2006 | 9 km SSE of De Soto, Missouri | M2.9 | 80 km | 6 km |
| Sep 5, 1995 | 3 km N of Woodlawn, Illinois | M2.9 | 99 km | 4 km |
| Sep 5, 2004 | 3 km WNW of Saint Peter, Illinois | M2.9 | 107 km | 33 km |
| Apr 29, 2022 | 1 km SSW of Peerless Park, Missouri | M2.8 | 39 km | 8 km |
| Mar 28, 2024 | 1 km NNE of Germantown, Illinois | M2.8 | 51 km | 24 km |
| Sep 13, 1997 | 3 km SSE of Darmstadt, Illinois | M2.8 | 56 km | 16 km |
| Aug 26, 1992 | 5 km W of Frohna, Missouri | M2.8 | 122 km | 2 km |
Source: USGS Earthquake Catalog (M2.5+, 1990–2025). Sorted by magnitude.
Tornado History
605 tornadoes (EF0+) recorded within 100 km since 1950. Strongest on record: EF4. Total: 65 fatalities, 1,144 injuries.
| Date | Rating | Distance | Path | Fatalities |
| Nov 17, 2013 | EF4 | 64 km | 10.6 mi | 2 |
| Apr 22, 2011 | EF4 | 34 km | 21.3 mi | 0 |
| Apr 3, 1981 | EF4 | 5 km | 11.9 mi | 0 |
| Jan 24, 1967 | EF4 | 39 km | 25.0 mi | 3 |
| Feb 10, 1959 | EF4 | 47 km | 23.9 mi | 21 |
| Dec 18, 1957 | EF4 | 100 km | 16.8 mi | 1 |
| Feb 24, 1956 | EF4 | 76 km | 77.6 mi | 6 |
| Dec 10, 2021 | EF3 | 71 km | 24.8 mi | 1 |
| Dec 10, 2021 | EF3 | 9 km | 4.2 mi | 6 |
| May 31, 2013 | EF3 | 13 km | 10.6 mi | 0 |
| May 31, 2013 | EF3 | 56 km | 31.7 mi | 0 |
| Apr 19, 2011 | EF3 | 87 km | 4.3 mi | 0 |
| Dec 31, 2010 | EF3 | 39 km | 6.7 mi | 1 |
| Mar 11, 2006 | EF3 | 97 km | 53.5 mi | 2 |
| Mar 11, 2006 | EF3 | 66 km | 5.1 mi | 0 |
| Jun 1, 1999 | EF3 | 80 km | 10.0 mi | 1 |
| Nov 15, 1988 | EF3 | 12 km | 9.0 mi | 0 |
| Nov 15, 1988 | EF3 | 53 km | 1.0 mi | 0 |
| Apr 29, 1984 | EF3 | 77 km | 8.0 mi | 0 |
| May 1, 1983 | EF3 | 70 km | 4.0 mi | 0 |
Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center (EF0+, 1950–2024, US only).
Monthly Weather
| Month | Avg Temperature | Precipitation | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 32°F (0°C) | 2.0 in | Coldest, Driest |
| February | 34°F (1°C) | 2.2 in | |
| March | 44°F (7°C) | 3.4 in | |
| April | 55°F (13°C) | 3.7 in | |
| May | 65°F (19°C) | 4.1 in | Wettest |
| June | 74°F (24°C) | 3.7 in | |
| July | 79°F (26°C) | 3.7 in | Warmest |
| August | 76°F (25°C) | 3.3 in | |
| September | 69°F (21°C) | 3.2 in | |
| October | 58°F (14°C) | 2.8 in | |
| November | 45°F (7°C) | 3.3 in | |
| December | 34°F (1°C) | 3.0 in |
Madison has a seasonal temperature swing of 47°F / from 32°F in January to 79°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 38.2 inches, with May being the wettest month (4.1") and January the driest (2.0").