Median Income
$53,698
29% lower than US avg
Home Value
$99,000
65% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
93/100K
76% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
26.3%
22% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
43.9%
37% higher than US avg
Unemployment
2.2%
39% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
16.1%
30% higher than US avg
How Gallant Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population1,215
Median Age44.7 yrs
Density84/mi²
Male / Female57% / 43%
Largest GroupWhite 99%
Veterans5.6%
Economy
B+
Median Income$53,698
Per Capita$26,167
Unemployment2.2%
Poverty16.1%
County GDP$4,026M
Commute27 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$99,000
Ownership100.0%
Zillow$216,352
Housing Units513
Rent Burden28.6%
Crime
F
Violent93/100K
Property555/100K
Health
Obesity43.9%
Uninsured11.4%
Smoking21.0%
Depression28.6%
Heart Disease7.4%
Climate
Avg Temp62°F (17°C)
AQI41 (Good)
Rain56.8 in/yr
Sunny Days301/yr
Elevation777 ft (237 m)
Education
B
Bachelor's+26.3%
High School+80.8%
Graduate+6.2%
School Score4.73
Community
2024 VoteR 77% / D 22%
Commute27 min
Broadband71.6%
EV Stations1
Libraries11
Is Gallant a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Gallant receives an overall livability score of 3.2 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B. Key strengths include low unemployment, low crime rates, affordable housing, abundant sunshine. Areas to be aware of include below-average incomes, high obesity rates. Gallant offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Gallant is $53,698, 29% below the national average of $75,149. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 2.2%. The poverty rate of 16.1% exceeds the national average of 12.4%, indicating economic hardship for a significant portion of the population. Workers commute an average of 27 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Gallant is $99,000, 65% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. At just 1.8x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
Gallant is a very safe community with a violent crime rate of 93 per 100,000 residents / well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 555 per 100,000, 72% below the national average.
Education
26.3% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 80.8% have completed high school. Area schools have an average test score of 4.7/10.
Climate & Weather
Gallant enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 62°F. Winters average 42°F in January while summers reach 80°F in July. With 301 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 56.8 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 41.
Gallant has a population of 1,215 with a density of 84 people per square mile, spread across 14.4 square miles. The median age is 44.7 years, 15% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 43.2% female and 56.8% male. The city is predominantly White (99.1%). English is the primary language spoken at home by 100% of residents. 5.6% of the population are veterans. 25.4% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 92.7% have health insurance coverage.
Population
44.7yrs
Median Age
15% above US avg
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
100.0%
27% above US avg
Spanish
0.0%
100% below US avg
The median household income in Gallant is $53,698, which is 29% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $26,167 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $895, 38% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 2.2% (below the 3.6% US average). 16.1% of residents live below the poverty line, higher than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 2,439 business establishments, including 204 restaurants. The cost of living index is 88.8, below the national baseline of 100 / offering relatively affordable living. Workers commute an average of 27 minutes. 0.0% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income
| Median HH Income | $53,698 |
| 29% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $26,167 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $895 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $59,134 |
| Gini Index | 0.456 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 2.2% |
| 39% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 16.1% |
| 30% above US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 2,439 |
| County GDP | $4,026M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 204 |
| Healthcare | 294 |
| Retail | 368 |
| Manufacturing | 91 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $1,980 |
| 43% below US avg |
| Cost of Living | 88.80 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 2.00% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 26.5 min |
| Drive Alone | 100.0% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 0.0% |
The median home value in Gallant is $99,000, 65% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $216,352, higher than the Census estimate. Fair market rent ranges from $772 for a one-bedroom to $936 for a two-bedroom apartment. 100.0% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 513 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1965. The average annual property tax is $1,980 (lower than the $3,500 national average). 28.6% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 1.8x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $99,000 |
| 65% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $216,352 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $716 |
| 1 Bedroom | $772 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $936 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,206 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,381 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 100.0% |
| Owner-Occupied | 100.0% |
| Renter-Occupied | 0.0% |
| Housing Units | 513 |
| Median Year Built | 1965 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $1,980 |
| 43% below US avg |
| Effective Rate | 2.00% |
In Gallant, 43.9% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 13.5% have diabetes (above the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 7.4% of residents, above the national average. 41.0% have high blood pressure. 21.0% are current smokers (above the 14.0% national rate). 16.1% report binge drinking. 33.2% are physically inactive, above the national average. 28.6% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 21.0% experience frequent mental distress. 11.4% of residents lack health insurance (above the 8.6% national rate). The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,357. The dentist ratio is 1:1,982. 54.7% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 6.3 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Gallant vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 43.9% |
| 37% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 13.5% |
| Heart Disease | 7.4% |
| High Blood Pressure | 41.0% |
| Asthma | 10.5% |
| COPD | 9.8% |
| Cancer | 7.7% |
| Stroke | 3.9% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 21.0% |
| 50% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 16.1% |
| Physical Inactivity | 33.2% |
| Depression | 28.6% |
| Mental Distress | 21.0% |
| Physical Distress | 16.6% |
| Short Sleep | 45.7% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 92.7% |
| Uninsured | 11.4% |
| 33% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:1,357 |
| Dentists | 1:1,982 |
| Mental Health | 1:649 |
| Checkup Rate | 76.5% |
| Dental Visits | 48.8% |
| Premature Death | 14,706/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 6.3/10 |
| Exercise Access | 54.7% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 294 |
Gallant has a violent crime rate of 93 per 100,000 residents, 76% below the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 555 per 100,000, 72% below the U.S. average. The county recorded 21 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Gallant receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Gallant vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 92.5/100K |
| 76% below US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 555.0/100K |
| 72% below US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 21 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Gallant enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 62°F (17°C). Winters average 42°F in January while summers reach 80°F in July. The area gets 301 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 56.8 inches (wetter than the 38-inch national average). Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 41. The city sits at an elevation of 777 feet.
Temperature
42°F Jan (5°C)
80°F Jul (27°C)
| Annual Average | 61.9°F |
| 15% above US avg |
| January Average | 42°F (5°C) |
| July Average | 80°F (27°C) |
| Sunny Days | 301 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 777 ft (237 m) |
| Area | 14.4 sq mi (37.4 km²) |
| Population Density | 84/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 34.0013°N, 86.2302°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Etowah County County |
| Nearest Airport | Northeast Alabama Regional (GAD) 8 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
56.8"
49% above US avg
Wettest Month (Mar)
6.50"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 41.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
| Ozone (O₃) | 0.0448 ppm |
| PM2.5 (Fine Particles) | 9.8 μg/m³ |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Moderate |
| Risk Score | 87.3 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 78.0 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 57.6 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively High |
| Hurricane |
Relatively Low |
| Earthquake |
Relatively Low |
| Wildfire |
Relatively Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hail |
Relatively Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively High |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively Low |
| Lightning |
Relatively Moderate |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Low |
| Drought |
Relatively Low |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
89 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M4.6. Most recent: M2.6 on Feb 25, 2025.
| Apr 29, 2003 |
8 km S of Valley Head, Alabama |
M4.6 |
78 km |
| Dec 8, 2001 |
5 km SW of Pleasant Groves, Alabama |
M3.9 |
79 km |
| Aug 19, 2004 |
8 km W of Brantleyville, Alabama |
M3.6 |
112 km |
| Jul 15, 1995 |
21 km SSW of Berry, Alabama |
M3.3 |
145 km |
| May 9, 2004 |
8 km WNW of Brantleyville, Alabama |
M3.3 |
109 km |
| Mar 21, 2001 |
7 km ESE of Trenton, Georgia |
M3.2 |
119 km |
| Apr 5, 1994 |
10 km N of Trenton, Georgia |
M3.2 |
127 km |
| May 6, 2010 |
11 km ENE of Whitesboro, Alabama |
M3.2 |
33 km |
| May 10, 2020 |
7 km SSE of Sewanee, Tennessee |
M3.1 |
130 km |
| Apr 29, 2003 |
7 km E of Fort Payne, Alabama |
M3.1 |
73 km |
| May 2, 2003 |
8 km S of Valley Head, Alabama |
M3.1 |
79 km |
| Jun 28, 2008 |
7 km WNW of Brookwood, Alabama |
M3.1 |
135 km |
| May 4, 1994 |
12 km NNW of Addison, Alabama |
M3.0 |
99 km |
| May 4, 2007 |
4 km SSW of Jasper, Alabama |
M3.0 |
101 km |
| Sep 13, 2011 |
1 km NNW of Leeds, Alabama |
M3.0 |
57 km |
| Mar 20, 2004 |
11 km NW of Wilton, Alabama |
M3.0 |
118 km |
| May 28, 2000 |
13 km S of Winfield, Alabama |
M3.0 |
148 km |
| Sep 11, 1992 |
5 km SSE of Riverview, Alabama |
M3.0 |
150 km |
| May 4, 1994 |
2 km NNW of Addison, Alabama |
M3.0 |
92 km |
| May 28, 2000 |
3 km NE of Fayette, Alabama |
M3.0 |
150 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Hurricane History
1 hurricane (Cat 1+) within 500 km since 1980.
Strongest: Category 1. Most recent: Opal (1995, Cat 1).
| Year |
Name |
Category |
Closest |
| 1995 |
Opal |
Category 1 |
213 km |
Source: NOAA IBTrACS (Cat 1+, 1980–2026)
Tornado History
715 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF5. Total: 255 fatalities, 2,970 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Apr 27, 2011 |
EF5 |
49 km |
25 |
| Apr 4, 1977 |
EF5 |
84 km |
22 |
| Apr 27, 2011 |
EF4 |
72 km |
6 |
| Apr 27, 2011 |
EF4 |
48 km |
22 |
| Apr 27, 2011 |
EF4 |
73 km |
14 |
| Apr 27, 2011 |
EF4 |
93 km |
1 |
| Apr 24, 2010 |
EF4 |
61 km |
0 |
| Feb 6, 2008 |
EF4 |
83 km |
1 |
| Nov 24, 2001 |
EF4 |
21 km |
0 |
| Mar 27, 1994 |
EF4 |
32 km |
22 |
| Nov 15, 1989 |
EF4 |
82 km |
21 |
| May 19, 1973 |
EF4 |
68 km |
0 |
| Mar 6, 1967 |
EF4 |
93 km |
2 |
| Jan 24, 1964 |
EF4 |
78 km |
10 |
| Mar 11, 1963 |
EF4 |
63 km |
2 |
| Mar 5, 1963 |
EF4 |
98 km |
0 |
| Nov 18, 1957 |
EF4 |
27 km |
3 |
| Nov 17, 1957 |
EF4 |
88 km |
4 |
| Apr 15, 1956 |
EF4 |
88 km |
25 |
| Apr 24, 1955 |
EF4 |
85 km |
5 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: UNNAMED (7,740 ac, 2014).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
7,740 |
64 km |
| 2013 |
UNNAMED |
6,320 |
69 km |
| 2016 |
UNNAMED |
5,844 |
69 km |
| 2017 |
UNNAMED |
5,157 |
88 km |
| 2008 |
UNNAMED |
4,199 |
72 km |
| 2014 |
HOUCK CREEK |
3,857 |
68 km |
| 2022 |
SC 540C/CHOCCOLOCCO |
3,750 |
66 km |
| 2020 |
SC WEST END C AND D |
3,538 |
62 km |
| 2010 |
UPPER SHOAL |
3,512 |
69 km |
| 2010 |
WIREGRASS |
3,467 |
91 km |
| 2008 |
UNNAMED |
3,410 |
65 km |
| 1998 |
CHEAHA WILDERNESS |
3,299 |
74 km |
| 2018 |
HOUCK CREEK |
3,188 |
66 km |
| 2021 |
TL TYLER WEST |
3,148 |
74 km |
| 2007 |
PENTECOST |
3,095 |
51 km |
| 2010 |
BANKHEAD I |
3,027 |
66 km |
| 2017 |
UNNAMED |
2,871 |
74 km |
| 2024 |
AL-MLR UNITS 2/3 RX |
2,836 |
54 km |
| 2013 |
UNNAMED |
2,777 |
66 km |
| 2019 |
UNNAMED |
2,710 |
95 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
42°F (5°C) |
5.3 in |
Coldest |
| February |
44°F (7°C) |
5.0 in |
|
| March |
52°F (11°C) |
6.5 in |
Wettest |
| April |
59°F (15°C) |
5.4 in |
|
| May |
67°F (19°C) |
4.8 in |
|
| June |
74°F (23°C) |
3.8 in |
|
| July |
80°F (27°C) |
5.1 in |
Warmest |
| August |
77°F (25°C) |
3.4 in |
|
| September |
71°F (22°C) |
4.4 in |
|
| October |
60°F (16°C) |
3.0 in |
Driest |
| November |
51°F (10°C) |
4.3 in |
|
| December |
43°F (6°C) |
5.3 in |
|
Gallant has a seasonal temperature swing of 39°F / from 42°F in January to 80°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 56.3 inches, with March being the wettest month (6.5") and October the driest (3.0").
Average costs for common services in Gallant. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$222 ($133–$355) |
| Specialist Visit |
$311 ($178–$488) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$178 ($89–$311) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$1,954 ($710–$4,440) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$115 ($67–$178) |
| Dental Filling |
$222 ($133–$355) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$40 ($22–$67) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$67 ($44–$107) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$266 ($133–$444) |
| Tire Rotation |
$36 ($18–$67) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$533 ($355–$888) |
| Battery Replacement |
$178 ($89–$311) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$89 ($53–$133) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$80 ($44–$124) |
| HVAC Repair |
$355 ($133–$710) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,216 ($3,552–$10,656) |
| Roof Repair |
$888 ($355–$1,776) |
| Roof Replacement |
$7,992 ($4,884–$13,320) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,332 ($444–$3,108) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$13,320 ($4,440–$26,640) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,440 ($1,776–$8,880) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,332 ($710–$2,664) |
| Will Preparation |
$444 ($178–$888) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,220 ($888–$4,440) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$22 ($13–$40) |
| Women's Haircut |
$49 ($27–$89) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$133 ($67–$222) |
| Manicure |
$22 ($13–$40) |
| Pedicure |
$36 ($22–$58) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$71 ($44–$115) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.64 ($2.66–$4.88) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.11 ($2.22–$4.44) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.37 ($2.22–$4.88) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.00 ($2.66–$5.77) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$4.88 ($3.55–$6.66) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.89 ($0.53–$1.60) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$124 ($71–$222) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$62 ($27–$133) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$62 ($36–$107) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$62 ($36–$89) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$58 ($27–$89) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$75 ($44–$133) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$178 ($67–$444) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,776 ($1,066–$3,108) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$62 ($27–$115) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$13 ($7.10–$22) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$89 ($27–$222) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$27 ($13–$67) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,066 ($533–$2,220) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$888 ($444–$1,776) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$355 ($178–$622) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$44 ($22–$89) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$888 ($355–$2,220) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$11,100 ($4,440–$26,640) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$53 ($27–$89) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$89 ($44–$178) |
| Dog Grooming |
$53 ($27–$89) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$36 ($18–$67) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$266 ($133–$444) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$178 ($89–$355) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $512 |
| Toddler | $470 |
| Preschool | $448 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $359 |
| Toddler | $363 |
| Preschool | $363 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Gallant
What is the population of Gallant?
Gallant has a population of 1,215 residents and is located in Alabama. The population density is 84 people per square mile, spread across 14.4 square miles. The median age of residents is 44.7 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 43.2% female and 56.8% male.
Is Gallant expensive to live in?
Gallant is more affordable than the national average, with a cost of living index of 88.8 / below the baseline of 100. The median household income is $53,698, 29% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $99,000 (65% below the U.S. median). The home price-to-income ratio is 1.8x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Gallant safe?
Gallant is considered a very safe city with a violent crime rate of 93 per 100,000 residents, well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 555 per 100,000 (below the national average). Overall, Gallant receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Gallant?
Gallant enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 62°F (17°C). Winter temperatures average 42°F in January, while summers reach an average of 80°F in July. The area receives 301 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 56.8 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 41.
How is the job market in Gallant?
The job market in Gallant is very strong, with unemployment at just 2.2% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $895. There are 2,439 business establishments in the area, including 204 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 27 minutes, and 0.0% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Gallant?
The median home value in Gallant is $99,000. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $216,352. The homeownership rate is 100.0%. The average annual property tax is $1,980.
How are the schools in Gallant?
Schools in Gallant have an average test score of 4.7 out of 10, below typical national benchmarks. Families may want to research individual school ratings. 26.3% of adults in Gallant hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 80.8% have completed high school. 6.2% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Gallant?
The obesity rate in Gallant is 43.9% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 21.0% of adults are smokers. 33.2% are physically inactive. 28.6% of residents report depression. 11.4% lack health insurance (above the national rate). 54.7% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,357.
What is transportation like in Gallant?
The average commute in Gallant is 27 minutes. 100% of workers drive alone to work, and 0.0% work from home.
What are the demographics of Gallant?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Gallant is 99.1% White, 0.9% Hispanic or Latino. 100% of residents speak only English at home. 5.6% of the population are military veterans. 25.4% of residents have a disability. 92.7% have health insurance coverage.