Median Income
$47,222
37% lower than US avg
Home Value
$47,400
83% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
341/100K
10% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
16.9%
50% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$880
24% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
36.0%
12% higher than US avg
Unemployment
5.2%
44% higher than US avg
Poverty Rate
12.2%
2% lower than US avg
How Hardtner Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population240
Median Age44.1 yrs
Density857/mi²
Male / Female62% / 38%
Largest GroupWhite 79%
Veterans11.4%
Economy
B
Median Income$47,222
Per Capita$19,394
Unemployment5.2%
Poverty12.2%
County GDP$229M
Commute20 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$47,400
Rent$880
Ownership82.1%
Zillow$66,179
Housing Units120
Rent Burden16.1%
Crime
F
Violent341/100K
Property2,145/100K
Health
Obesity36.0%
Uninsured7.7%
Smoking14.3%
Depression21.5%
Heart Disease5.4%
Climate
Avg Temp58°F (14°C)
AQI39 (Good)
Rain27.8 in/yr
Sunny Days323/yr
Elevation1,427 ft (435 m)
Education
C
Bachelor's+16.9%
High School+94.6%
Graduate+9.0%
School Score5.80
Community
2024 VoteR 85% / D 13%
Commute20 min
Broadband86.0%
Libraries3
Is Hardtner a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Hardtner receives an overall livability score of 2.9 out of 5.0, earning a grade of C+. Key strengths include affordable housing, abundant sunshine. Areas to be aware of include above-average unemployment, below-average incomes. Hardtner has some notable strengths but also faces challenges that prospective residents should consider.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Hardtner is $47,222, 37% below the national average of $75,149. The unemployment rate of 5.2% is somewhat elevated compared to the national rate of 3.6%. 12.2% of residents live in poverty, near the national average of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 20 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Hardtner is $47,400, 83% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. Renters pay a median of $880 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability. At just 1x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
Violent crime in Hardtner is below the national average at 341 per 100,000 residents (U.S. avg: 380). Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,145 per 100,000, near the national average.
Education
16.9% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 94.6% have completed high school. Area schools have an average test score of 5.8/10.
Climate & Weather
Hardtner enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 58°F. Winters average 34°F in January while summers reach 82°F in July. With 323 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 27.8 inches, including 9.4 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 39.
Hardtner has a population of 240 with a density of 857 people per square mile, spread across 0.3 square miles. The median age is 44.1 years, 13% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 38.3% female and 61.7% male. The city is predominantly White (79.2%), with 13.8% Hispanic. English is the primary language spoken at home by 100% of residents. 11.4% of the population are veterans, above the national rate of 6.0%. 23.4% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 81.7% have health insurance coverage.
Population
44.1yrs
Median Age
13% above US avg
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
100.0%
27% above US avg
Spanish
0.0%
100% below US avg
The median household income in Hardtner is $47,222, which is 37% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $19,394 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $858, 40% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 5.2% (above the 3.6% US average). 12.2% of residents live below the poverty line. The area has 210 business establishments, including 11 restaurants. The cost of living index is 90.1, below the national baseline of 100 / offering relatively affordable living. Workers commute an average of 20 minutes (shorter than the 28-minute US average). 0.0% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income
| Median HH Income | $47,222 |
| 37% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $19,394 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $858 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $60,722 |
| Gini Index | 0.447 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 5.2% |
| 44% above US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 12.2% |
| 2% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 210 |
| County GDP | $229M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 11 |
| Healthcare | 16 |
| Retail | 25 |
| Manufacturing | 6 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $2,871 |
| 18% below US avg |
| Cost of Living | 90.10 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 6.06% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 20.1 min |
| Drive Alone | 66.2% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 0.0% |
The median home value in Hardtner is $47,400, 83% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $66,179, higher than the Census estimate. Monthly rent averages $880 (24% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $753 for a one-bedroom to $947 for a two-bedroom apartment. 82.1% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 120 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1946. The average annual property tax is $2,871 (lower than the $3,500 national average). 16.1% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 1x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $47,400 |
| 83% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $66,179 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $880 |
| 24% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 16.1% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $702 |
| 1 Bedroom | $753 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $947 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,223 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,397 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 82.1% |
| Owner-Occupied | 82.1% |
| Renter-Occupied | 17.9% |
| Housing Units | 120 |
| Median Year Built | 1946 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $2,871 |
| 18% below US avg |
| Effective Rate | 6.06% |
In Hardtner, 36.0% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 8.7% have diabetes (below the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 5.4% of residents. 30.5% have high blood pressure. 14.3% are current smokers. 19.5% report binge drinking. 22.7% are physically inactive. 21.5% report depression. 16.9% experience frequent mental distress. 7.7% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,055. 47.1% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 7.6 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Hardtner vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 36.0% |
| 12% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 8.7% |
| Heart Disease | 5.4% |
| High Blood Pressure | 30.5% |
| Asthma | 9.9% |
| COPD | 5.7% |
| Cancer | 7.4% |
| Stroke | 2.6% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 14.3% |
| 2% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 19.5% |
| Physical Inactivity | 22.7% |
| Depression | 21.5% |
| Mental Distress | 16.9% |
| Physical Distress | 11.2% |
| Short Sleep | 34.6% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 81.7% |
| Uninsured | 7.7% |
| 10% below US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:2,055 |
| Mental Health | 1:2,035 |
| Checkup Rate | 73.3% |
| Dental Visits | 59.4% |
| Premature Death | 10,121/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 7.6/10 |
| Exercise Access | 47.1% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 16 |
Hardtner has a violent crime rate of 341 per 100,000 residents, 10% below the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 2,145 per 100,000, 9% above the U.S. average. The county recorded 1 fatal traffic crashes. The area has experienced 91 federally declared disasters. Overall, Hardtner receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Hardtner vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 341.3/100K |
| 10% below US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 2,145.3/100K |
| 9% above US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 1 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
| FEMA Disasters | 91 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Hardtner enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 58°F (14°C). Winters average 34°F in January while summers reach 82°F in July. The area gets 323 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 27.8 inches (drier than the 38-inch national average). The area receives 9.4 inches of snow annually. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 39. The city sits at an elevation of 1,427 feet.
Temperature
34°F Jan (1°C)
82°F Jul (28°C)
| Annual Average | 57.9°F |
| 7% above US avg |
| January Average | 34°F (1°C) |
| July Average | 82°F (28°C) |
| Sunny Days | 323 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 1,427 ft (435 m) |
| Area | 0.3 sq mi (0.7 km²) |
| Population Density | 857/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 37.0144°N, 98.6492°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Barber County County |
| Nearest Airport | Pratt Regional (PTT) 48 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
27.8"
27% below US avg
Wettest Month (Jun)
3.86"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 39.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Very Low |
| Risk Score | 40.3 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 24.5 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 55.5 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Low |
| Hurricane |
Very Low |
| Earthquake |
Very Low |
| Wildfire |
Relatively Moderate |
| Flood |
Very Low |
| Hail |
Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Low |
| Heat Wave |
Very Low |
| Winter Weather |
Very Low |
| Lightning |
Very Low |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Low |
| Drought |
Relatively High |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
4,339 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M5.1. Most recent: M2.5 on Aug 23, 2025.
| Feb 13, 2016 |
18 km SE of Waynoka, Oklahoma |
M5.1 |
59 km |
| Jan 7, 2016 |
16 km SE of Waynoka, Oklahoma |
M4.7 |
58 km |
| Apr 9, 2018 |
8 km NNE of Marshall, Oklahoma |
M4.6 |
131 km |
| Apr 7, 2018 |
5 km WNW of Lucien, Oklahoma |
M4.6 |
129 km |
| Jan 31, 2022 |
7 km NW of Medford, Oklahoma |
M4.5 |
78 km |
| Jan 19, 2020 |
2 km W of South Hutchinson, Kansas |
M4.5 |
127 km |
| Jul 27, 2015 |
4 km NNE of Crescent, Oklahoma |
M4.5 |
149 km |
| Jul 9, 2016 |
17 km SE of Waynoka, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
62 km |
| Jan 7, 2016 |
16 km SE of Waynoka, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
59 km |
| Jul 20, 2015 |
7 km SSE of Byron, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
40 km |
| Jan 7, 2016 |
17 km SE of Waynoka, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
60 km |
| May 17, 2019 |
8 km E of Pond Creek, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
92 km |
| Jun 9, 2018 |
8 km E of Nescatunga, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
59 km |
| Sep 8, 2017 |
9 km ESE of Jefferson, Oklahoma |
M4.3 |
93 km |
| Jul 29, 2014 |
9 km E of Nescatunga, Oklahoma |
M4.3 |
61 km |
| Jun 17, 2015 |
6 km ESE of Covington, Oklahoma |
M4.3 |
129 km |
| Feb 19, 2021 |
6 km SW of Manchester, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
50 km |
| Aug 16, 2019 |
3 km W of South Hutchinson, Kansas |
M4.2 |
127 km |
| Jul 8, 2016 |
17 km SE of Waynoka, OK |
M4.2 |
61 km |
| Jan 26, 2015 |
5 km NNE of Medford, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
86 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Tornado History
658 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF5. Total: 15 fatalities, 158 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| May 4, 2007 |
EF5 |
81 km |
11 |
| May 12, 2004 |
EF4 |
65 km |
0 |
| May 2, 1979 |
EF4 |
68 km |
1 |
| Apr 17, 1976 |
EF4 |
12 km |
0 |
| Mar 16, 1965 |
EF4 |
67 km |
0 |
| May 19, 2012 |
EF3 |
53 km |
0 |
| May 19, 2012 |
EF3 |
48 km |
0 |
| Apr 14, 2012 |
EF3 |
93 km |
0 |
| Apr 14, 2012 |
EF3 |
77 km |
0 |
| May 10, 2010 |
EF3 |
60 km |
0 |
| May 23, 2008 |
EF3 |
89 km |
0 |
| May 23, 2008 |
EF3 |
42 km |
0 |
| May 23, 2008 |
EF3 |
90 km |
0 |
| May 23, 2008 |
EF3 |
52 km |
2 |
| May 4, 2007 |
EF3 |
87 km |
0 |
| May 4, 2007 |
EF3 |
84 km |
1 |
| May 29, 2004 |
EF3 |
99 km |
0 |
| May 26, 1991 |
EF3 |
89 km |
0 |
| Apr 12, 1991 |
EF3 |
85 km |
0 |
| Apr 12, 1991 |
EF3 |
84 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: ANDERSON CREEK FIRE (374,523 ac, 2016).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2016 |
ANDERSON CREEK FIRE |
374,523 |
19 km |
| 1996 |
UNNAMED |
88,943 |
27 km |
| 2016 |
350 COMPLEX |
58,055 |
68 km |
| 2018 |
34 COMPLEX |
57,533 |
79 km |
| 2017 |
OKS - SELMAN |
44,767 |
78 km |
| 2009 |
CHESTER |
34,432 |
79 km |
| 2015 |
BOILING SPRINGS FIRE |
20,264 |
74 km |
| 2022 |
217 |
18,293 |
64 km |
| 1994 |
UNNAMED |
16,448 |
55 km |
| 2016 |
BUFFALO |
16,160 |
94 km |
| 2008 |
LARKIN |
8,397 |
41 km |
| 2008 |
UNNAMED |
6,276 |
49 km |
| 1994 |
UNNAMED |
5,764 |
86 km |
| 2020 |
EWB |
5,706 |
20 km |
| 2008 |
UNNAMED |
5,168 |
85 km |
| 2009 |
CLEO |
5,063 |
67 km |
| 2008 |
BYRON |
5,033 |
49 km |
| 2007 |
SALT FORK DELTA |
4,784 |
45 km |
| 2008 |
LAKE CITY |
4,643 |
36 km |
| 2007 |
AETNA FIRE |
4,579 |
30 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
34°F (1°C) |
0.7 in |
Coldest, Driest |
| February |
38°F (3°C) |
1.0 in |
|
| March |
47°F (8°C) |
2.4 in |
|
| April |
57°F (14°C) |
2.6 in |
|
| May |
67°F (19°C) |
3.8 in |
|
| June |
77°F (25°C) |
3.9 in |
Wettest |
| July |
82°F (28°C) |
3.0 in |
Warmest |
| August |
81°F (27°C) |
3.0 in |
|
| September |
72°F (22°C) |
2.7 in |
|
| October |
60°F (15°C) |
2.2 in |
|
| November |
45°F (7°C) |
1.7 in |
|
| December |
36°F (2°C) |
0.9 in |
|
Hardtner has a seasonal temperature swing of 48°F / from 34°F in January to 82°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 27.8 inches, with June being the wettest month (3.9") and January the driest (0.7").
Average costs for common services in Hardtner. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$225 ($135–$360) |
| Specialist Visit |
$315 ($180–$496) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$180 ($90–$315) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$1,982 ($721–$4,505) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$117 ($68–$180) |
| Dental Filling |
$225 ($135–$360) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$41 ($23–$68) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$68 ($45–$108) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$270 ($135–$451) |
| Tire Rotation |
$36 ($18–$68) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$541 ($360–$901) |
| Battery Replacement |
$180 ($90–$315) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$90 ($54–$135) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$81 ($45–$126) |
| HVAC Repair |
$360 ($135–$721) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,307 ($3,604–$10,812) |
| Roof Repair |
$901 ($360–$1,802) |
| Roof Replacement |
$8,109 ($4,956–$13,515) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,352 ($451–$3,154) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$13,515 ($4,505–$27,030) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,505 ($1,802–$9,010) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,352 ($721–$2,703) |
| Will Preparation |
$451 ($180–$901) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,253 ($901–$4,505) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$23 ($14–$41) |
| Women's Haircut |
$50 ($27–$90) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$135 ($68–$225) |
| Manicure |
$23 ($14–$41) |
| Pedicure |
$36 ($23–$59) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$72 ($45–$117) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.69 ($2.70–$4.96) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.15 ($2.25–$4.51) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.42 ($2.25–$4.96) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.05 ($2.70–$5.86) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$4.96 ($3.60–$6.76) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.90 ($0.54–$1.62) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$126 ($72–$225) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$63 ($27–$135) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$63 ($36–$108) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$63 ($36–$90) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$59 ($27–$90) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$77 ($45–$135) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$180 ($68–$451) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,802 ($1,081–$3,154) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$63 ($27–$117) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$14 ($7.21–$23) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$90 ($27–$225) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$27 ($14–$68) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,081 ($541–$2,253) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$901 ($451–$1,802) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$360 ($180–$631) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$45 ($23–$90) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$901 ($360–$2,253) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$11,263 ($4,505–$27,030) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$54 ($27–$90) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$90 ($45–$180) |
| Dog Grooming |
$54 ($27–$90) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$36 ($18–$68) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$270 ($135–$451) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$180 ($90–$360) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $414 |
| Toddler | $423 |
| Preschool | $423 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $426 |
| Toddler | $361 |
| Preschool | $361 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Hardtner
What is the population of Hardtner?
Hardtner has a population of 240 residents and is located in Kansas. The population density is 857 people per square mile, spread across 0.3 square miles. The median age of residents is 44.1 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 38.3% female and 61.7% male.
Is Hardtner expensive to live in?
Hardtner is more affordable than the national average, with a cost of living index of 90.1 / below the baseline of 100. The median household income is $47,222, 37% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $47,400 (83% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $880 per month, below the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 1x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Hardtner safe?
Hardtner is safer than the national average, with a violent crime rate of 341 per 100,000 compared to the U.S. rate of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,145 per 100,000 (above the national average). Overall, Hardtner receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Hardtner?
Hardtner enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 58°F (14°C). Winter temperatures average 34°F in January, while summers reach an average of 82°F in July. The area receives 323 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 27.8 inches, with 9.4 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 39.
How is the job market in Hardtner?
The unemployment rate in Hardtner is 5.2%, somewhat above the national average of 3.6%. Job seekers may face moderate competition. The average weekly wage is $858. There are 210 business establishments in the area, including 11 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 20 minutes, and 0.0% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Hardtner?
The median home value in Hardtner is $47,400. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $66,179. For renters, the median monthly rent is $880. Fair market rent is $753 for a 1-bedroom and $947 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 82.1%. The average annual property tax is $2,871.
How are the schools in Hardtner?
Schools in Hardtner score 5.8 out of 10 on standardized testing, near the national average. 16.9% of adults in Hardtner hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 94.6% have completed high school. 9.0% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Hardtner?
The obesity rate in Hardtner is 36.0% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 14.3% of adults are smokers. 22.7% are physically inactive. 21.5% of residents report depression. 7.7% lack health insurance. 47.1% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,055.
What is transportation like in Hardtner?
The average commute in Hardtner is 20 minutes, shorter than the national average of 28 minutes. 66.2% of workers drive alone to work, and 0.0% work from home.
What are the demographics of Hardtner?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Hardtner is 79.2% White, 13.8% Hispanic or Latino. 100% of residents speak only English at home. 11.4% of the population are military veterans. 23.4% of residents have a disability. 81.7% have health insurance coverage.