Median Income
$34,091
55% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
511/100K
34% higher than US avg
Bachelor's+
17.3%
49% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$815
30% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
41.8%
30% higher than US avg
Unemployment
0.0%
100% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
5.0%
60% lower than US avg
How Livermore Falls Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population1,250
Median Age38.5 yrs
Density1,042/mi²
Male / Female42% / 58%
Largest GroupWhite 97%
Veterans2.0%
Economy
B+
Median Income$34,091
Per Capita$23,286
Unemployment0.0%
Poverty5.0%
County GDP$7,050M
Commute34 min
Housing
B+
Rent$815
Ownership48.3%
Zillow$201,235
Housing Units917
Rent Burden33.5%
Crime
F
Violent511/100K
Property1,021/100K
Murder0.0/100K
Assault319/100K
Burglary96/100K
Health
Obesity41.8%
Uninsured12.5%
Smoking24.7%
Depression34.1%
Heart Disease8.3%
Climate
Avg Temp43°F (6°C)
AQI34 (Good)
Rain47.2 in/yr
Sunny Days251/yr
Elevation485 ft (148 m)
Education
C
Bachelor's+17.3%
High School+92.2%
Graduate+2.6%
School Score5.28
Community
2024 VoteR 52% / D 46%
Commute34 min
Broadband90.9%
EV Stations3
Libraries9
Is Livermore Falls a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Livermore Falls receives an overall livability score of 2.7 out of 5.0, earning a grade of C+. Key strengths include low unemployment, abundant sunshine, a low poverty rate, high health insurance coverage. Areas to be aware of include elevated crime rates, a high uninsured rate, below-average incomes. Livermore Falls has some notable strengths but also faces challenges that prospective residents should consider.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Livermore Falls is $34,091, 55% below the national average of $75,149. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 0.0%. Only 5.0% of residents live below the poverty line, well below the national rate of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 34 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
Renters pay a median of $815 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability.
Safety & Crime
The violent crime rate of 511 per 100,000 is above the national average of 380 / something for prospective residents to consider. Property crime occurs at a rate of 1,021 per 100,000, 48% below the national average.
Education
17.3% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 92.2% have completed high school. Area schools have an average test score of 5.3/10.
Climate & Weather
Livermore Falls has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 43°F. Winters average 17°F in January while summers reach 68°F in July. With 251 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 47.2 inches, including 91.2 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 34.
Livermore Falls has a population of 1,250 with a density of 1,042 people per square mile, spread across 1.3 square miles. The median age is 38.5 years, 1% younger than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 58% female and 42% male. The city is predominantly White (96.9%), with 1.6% Black. English is the primary language spoken at home by 96.1% of residents. 2.0% of the population are veterans, below the national rate of 6.0%. 16.4% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 93.3% have health insurance coverage.
Population
38.5yrs
Median Age
1% below US avg
Race & Ethnicity
Livermore Falls vs U.S. Average
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
96.1%
22% above US avg
Spanish
3.9%
71% below US avg
Social Characteristics
Livermore Falls vs U.S. Average
The median household income in Livermore Falls is $34,091, which is 55% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $23,286 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $1,125, 21% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 0.0% (below the 3.6% US average). 5.0% of residents live below the poverty line, lower than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 3,600 business establishments, including 254 restaurants. The cost of living index is 97.1, roughly in line with the national average. Workers commute an average of 34 minutes (longer than the 28-minute US average). 0.0% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income: Livermore Falls vs U.S.
Income
| Median HH Income | $34,091 |
| 55% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $23,286 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,125 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $63,641 |
| Gini Index | 0.430 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 0.0% |
| 100% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 5.0% |
| 60% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 3,600 |
| County GDP | $7,050M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 254 |
| Healthcare | 396 |
| Retail | 427 |
| Manufacturing | 152 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $5,025 |
| 44% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 97.10 (100=avg) |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 34.4 min |
| Drive Alone | 87.8% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 0.0% |
Zillow estimates the typical home value at $201,235. Homes sell for 94.2% of their list price, suggesting buyers have room to negotiate. Monthly rent averages $815 (30% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $1,186 for a one-bedroom to $1,497 for a two-bedroom apartment. 48.3% of housing units are owner-occupied (below the 65.4% national rate). There are 917 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1947. The average annual property tax is $5,025 (higher than the $3,500 national average). 33.5% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing.
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
| $/Sq Ft | $114 |
| Homes Sold | 3 |
| Sale-to-List Ratio | 94.2% |
| Price Drops | 33.3% |
| Inventory | 9 |
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $815 |
| 30% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 33.5% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $1,108 |
| 1 Bedroom | $1,186 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,497 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,951 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $2,190 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 48.3% |
| Owner-Occupied | 48.3% |
| Renter-Occupied | 51.7% |
| Housing Units | 917 |
| Median Year Built | 1947 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $5,025 |
| 44% above US avg |
In Livermore Falls, 41.8% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 13.8% have diabetes (above the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 8.3% of residents, above the national average. 34.8% have high blood pressure. 24.7% are current smokers (above the 14.0% national rate). 14.8% report binge drinking. 34.4% are physically inactive, above the national average. 34.1% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 24.5% experience frequent mental distress. 12.5% of residents lack health insurance (above the 8.6% national rate). The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,354. The dentist ratio is 1:1,662. 77.6% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 8.2 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Livermore Falls vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 41.8% |
| 30% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 13.8% |
| Heart Disease | 8.3% |
| High Blood Pressure | 34.8% |
| Asthma | 14.5% |
| COPD | 12.1% |
| Cancer | 7.2% |
| Stroke | 4.3% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 24.7% |
| 76% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 14.8% |
| Physical Inactivity | 34.4% |
| Depression | 34.1% |
| Mental Distress | 24.5% |
| Physical Distress | 18.7% |
| Short Sleep | 40.0% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 93.3% |
| Uninsured | 12.5% |
| 45% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:1,354 |
| Dentists | 1:1,662 |
| Mental Health | 1:196 |
| Checkup Rate | 77.2% |
| Dental Visits | 51.4% |
| Premature Death | 10,327/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 8.2/10 |
| Exercise Access | 77.6% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 396 |
Livermore Falls has a violent crime rate of 511 per 100,000 residents, 34% above the national average of 380. This breaks down to aggravated assault at 319.1 per 100,000, robbery at 0.0, rape at 191.5. The murder rate is 0.0 per 100,000 (below the national rate of 6.3). Property crime stands at 1,021 per 100,000, 48% below the U.S. average. This includes larceny/theft at 893, burglary at 96, vehicle theft at 32 per 100,000 residents. The county recorded 11 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Livermore Falls receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Livermore Falls vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 510.5/100K |
| 34% above US avg |
| Murder | 0.0/100K |
| 100% below US avg |
| Rape | 191.5/100K |
| Robbery | 0.0/100K |
| Assault | 319.1/100K |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 1,021.1/100K |
| 48% below US avg |
| Burglary | 95.7/100K |
| Theft | 893.4/100K |
| Vehicle Theft | 31.9/100K |
| Arson | 0.0/100K |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 11 |
| Traffic Accidents | 1 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 2.0 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Livermore Falls has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 43°F (6°C). Winters average 17°F in January while summers reach 68°F in July. The area gets 251 sunny days per year, above the national average. Annual precipitation totals 47.2 inches (wetter than the 38-inch national average). The area receives 91.2 inches of snow annually, making winter weather a significant factor for residents. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 34. The city sits at an elevation of 485 feet.
Temperature
17°F Jan (-8°C)
68°F Jul (20°C)
| Annual Average | 43.2°F |
| 20% below US avg |
| January Average | 17°F (-8°C) |
| July Average | 68°F (20°C) |
| Sunny Days | 251 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 485 ft (148 m) |
| Area | 1.3 sq mi (3.4 km²) |
| Population Density | 1,042/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 44.4726°N, 70.1808°W |
| Timezone | America/New_York |
| County | Androscoggin County County |
| Nearest Airport | Berlin Regional (BML) 50 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
47.2"
24% above US avg
Wettest Month (Nov)
4.41"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 34.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
| Ozone (O₃) | 0.0374 ppm |
| PM2.5 (Fine Particles) | 5.4 μg/m³ |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Low |
| Risk Score | 59.1 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 28.3 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 85.3 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Very Low |
| Hurricane |
Relatively Moderate |
| Earthquake |
Relatively Low |
| Wildfire |
Very Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Low |
| Hail |
Relatively Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Low |
| Heat Wave |
Very Low |
| Winter Weather |
Very High |
| Lightning |
Relatively Moderate |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively High |
| Drought |
Relatively Moderate |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Landslide |
Very Low |
| Coastal Flood |
No Rating |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
36 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M4.7. Most recent: M2.5 on Aug 26, 2025.
| Oct 16, 2012 |
5 km W of Hollis Center, Maine |
M4.7 |
105 km |
| Feb 26, 1999 |
0 km NW of China, Maine |
M3.8 |
52 km |
| Jun 16, 1995 |
8 km N of Lisbon, New Hampshire |
M3.8 |
139 km |
| Aug 21, 1996 |
12 km N of Livermore, New Hampshire |
M3.8 |
99 km |
| Jan 17, 2000 |
4 km NNE of Dixfield, Maine |
M3.6 |
23 km |
| Jan 3, 2000 |
4 km W of Leeds, Maine |
M3.5 |
18 km |
| Jan 14, 2023 |
7 km ESE of Dedham, Maine |
M3.3 |
129 km |
| Oct 25, 2001 |
4 km S of Howland, Maine |
M3.3 |
144 km |
| Sep 7, 2000 |
7 km WSW of Liberty, Maine |
M3.2 |
65 km |
| Sep 5, 1994 |
13 km NNE of Monhegan, Maine |
M3.1 |
102 km |
| Dec 25, 1999 |
4 km NE of Saint Albans, Maine |
M3.0 |
83 km |
| Nov 20, 1994 |
4 km WNW of Norway, Maine |
M3.0 |
43 km |
| Mar 30, 2010 |
7 km WSW of Dedham, Maine |
M3.0 |
115 km |
| Apr 25, 2023 |
4 km SW of Center Sandwich, New Hampshire |
M2.9 |
129 km |
| Feb 4, 2022 |
0 km SSW of Gorham, New Hampshire |
M2.9 |
80 km |
| Jul 28, 2024 |
6 km W of Gardiner, Maine |
M2.8 |
37 km |
| Feb 12, 1995 |
1 km NNE of Turner, Maine |
M2.8 |
24 km |
| Mar 9, 2020 |
50 km ESE of Old Orchard Beach, Maine |
M2.7 |
135 km |
| Jan 17, 2018 |
3 km E of Richmond, Maine |
M2.7 |
54 km |
| Feb 17, 1995 |
7 km WSW of Greene, Maine |
M2.7 |
34 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Hurricane History
1 hurricane (Cat 1+) within 500 km since 1980.
Strongest: Category 1. Most recent: Bob (1991, Cat 1).
| Year |
Name |
Category |
Closest |
| 1991 |
Bob |
Category 1 |
210 km |
Source: NOAA IBTrACS (Cat 1+, 1980–2026)
Tornado History
71 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF2. Total: 5 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Aug 9, 2000 |
EF2 |
57 km |
0 |
| Jul 8, 1996 |
EF2 |
27 km |
0 |
| Nov 7, 1971 |
EF2 |
45 km |
0 |
| Jul 31, 1971 |
EF2 |
11 km |
0 |
| Jul 31, 1971 |
EF2 |
18 km |
0 |
| Jul 31, 1971 |
EF2 |
6 km |
0 |
| Aug 20, 1962 |
EF2 |
77 km |
0 |
| Sep 4, 1961 |
EF2 |
53 km |
0 |
| Jul 1, 2017 |
EF1 |
70 km |
0 |
| Jul 1, 2017 |
EF1 |
69 km |
0 |
| Jul 1, 2017 |
EF1 |
63 km |
0 |
| Jul 28, 2014 |
EF1 |
99 km |
0 |
| Jul 15, 2014 |
EF1 |
78 km |
0 |
| Jun 1, 2011 |
EF1 |
50 km |
0 |
| Jun 1, 2011 |
EF1 |
41 km |
0 |
| Jun 5, 2010 |
EF1 |
37 km |
0 |
| Aug 21, 2009 |
EF1 |
42 km |
0 |
| Nov 24, 2005 |
EF1 |
78 km |
0 |
| May 31, 2002 |
EF1 |
35 km |
0 |
| Jun 17, 2001 |
EF1 |
48 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Tsunami History
1 tsunami recorded within 500 km.
Highest wave on record: 3.6 m (12 ft).
| Year |
Location |
Cause |
Max Wave |
Deaths |
Distance |
| 2008 |
MAINE |
Avalanche |
3.6 m |
— |
84 km |
Source: NOAA/NCEI Historical Tsunami Database. Sorted by wave height.
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
17°F (-8°C) |
3.4 in |
Coldest |
| February |
20°F (-7°C) |
2.9 in |
Driest |
| March |
30°F (-1°C) |
3.8 in |
|
| April |
41°F (5°C) |
4.0 in |
|
| May |
53°F (12°C) |
3.8 in |
|
| June |
62°F (17°C) |
4.0 in |
|
| July |
68°F (20°C) |
3.5 in |
Warmest |
| August |
66°F (19°C) |
3.6 in |
|
| September |
57°F (14°C) |
3.5 in |
|
| October |
46°F (8°C) |
4.1 in |
|
| November |
36°F (2°C) |
4.4 in |
Wettest |
| December |
23°F (-5°C) |
4.0 in |
|
Livermore Falls has a seasonal temperature swing of 51°F / from 17°F in January to 68°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 45.1 inches, with November being the wettest month (4.4") and February the driest (2.9").
Average costs for common services in Livermore Falls. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$243 ($146–$388) |
| Specialist Visit |
$340 ($194–$534) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$194 ($97–$340) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$2,136 ($777–$4,855) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$126 ($73–$194) |
| Dental Filling |
$243 ($146–$388) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$44 ($24–$73) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$73 ($49–$117) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$291 ($146–$486) |
| Tire Rotation |
$39 ($19–$73) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$583 ($388–$971) |
| Battery Replacement |
$194 ($97–$340) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$97 ($58–$146) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$87 ($49–$136) |
| HVAC Repair |
$388 ($146–$777) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,797 ($3,884–$11,652) |
| Roof Repair |
$971 ($388–$1,942) |
| Roof Replacement |
$8,739 ($5,341–$14,565) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,457 ($486–$3,399) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$14,565 ($4,855–$29,130) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,855 ($1,942–$9,710) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,457 ($777–$2,913) |
| Will Preparation |
$486 ($194–$971) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,428 ($971–$4,855) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$24 ($15–$44) |
| Women's Haircut |
$53 ($29–$97) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$146 ($73–$243) |
| Manicure |
$24 ($15–$44) |
| Pedicure |
$39 ($24–$63) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$78 ($49–$126) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.98 ($2.91–$5.34) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.40 ($2.43–$4.86) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.69 ($2.43–$5.34) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.37 ($2.91–$6.31) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$5.34 ($3.88–$7.28) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.97 ($0.58–$1.75) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$136 ($78–$243) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$68 ($29–$146) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$68 ($39–$117) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$68 ($39–$97) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$63 ($29–$97) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$83 ($49–$146) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$194 ($73–$486) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,942 ($1,165–$3,399) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$68 ($29–$126) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$15 ($7.77–$24) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$97 ($29–$243) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$29 ($15–$73) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,165 ($583–$2,428) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$971 ($486–$1,942) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$388 ($194–$680) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$49 ($24–$97) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$971 ($388–$2,428) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$12,138 ($4,855–$29,130) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$58 ($29–$97) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$97 ($49–$194) |
| Dog Grooming |
$58 ($29–$97) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$39 ($19–$73) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$291 ($146–$486) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$194 ($97–$388) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $971 |
| Toddler | $924 |
| Preschool | $743 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $707 |
| Toddler | $650 |
| Preschool | $635 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Livermore Falls
What is the population of Livermore Falls?
Livermore Falls has a population of 1,250 residents and is located in Maine. The population density is 1,042 people per square mile, spread across 1.3 square miles. The median age of residents is 38.5 years. The population is 58% female and 42% male.
Is Livermore Falls expensive to live in?
Livermore Falls has a cost of living roughly in line with the national average, with an index of 97.1 (baseline: 100). The median household income is $34,091, 55% below the national average of $75,149. Renters pay a median of $815 per month, below the national average of $1,163.
Is Livermore Falls safe?
The violent crime rate in Livermore Falls is 511 per 100,000 residents, above the national average of 380. Prospective residents should research specific neighborhoods, as crime rates can vary significantly within the city. Property crime occurs at a rate of 1,021 per 100,000 (below the national average). Overall, Livermore Falls receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Livermore Falls?
Livermore Falls has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 43°F (6°C). Winter temperatures average 17°F in January, while summers reach an average of 68°F in July. The area receives 251 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 47.2 inches, with 91.2 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 34.
How is the job market in Livermore Falls?
The job market in Livermore Falls is very strong, with unemployment at just 0.0% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $1,125. There are 3,600 business establishments in the area, including 254 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 34 minutes, and 0.0% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Livermore Falls?
For renters, the median monthly rent is $815. Fair market rent is $1,186 for a 1-bedroom and $1,497 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 48.3%. The average annual property tax is $5,025.
How are the schools in Livermore Falls?
Schools in Livermore Falls score 5.3 out of 10 on standardized testing, near the national average. 17.3% of adults in Livermore Falls hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 92.2% have completed high school. 2.6% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Livermore Falls?
The obesity rate in Livermore Falls is 41.8% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 24.7% of adults are smokers. 34.4% are physically inactive. 34.1% of residents report depression. 12.5% lack health insurance (above the national rate). 77.6% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,354.
What is transportation like in Livermore Falls?
The average commute in Livermore Falls is 34 minutes, longer than the national average of 28 minutes. 87.8% of workers drive alone to work, and 0.0% work from home.
What are the demographics of Livermore Falls?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Livermore Falls is 96.9% White, 1.6% Black or African American. 96.1% of residents speak only English at home, while 3.9% speak Spanish. 2.0% of the population are military veterans. 16.4% of residents have a disability. 93.3% have health insurance coverage.