Madison, SD

Full City Profile · South Dakota · Lake County County

3.5 /5.0

B+ Good

6,158 Population 1,333/sq mi density

$62,180 Median Income $35,369 per capita

$191,400 Home Value $257,771 Zillow

$874 Median Rent 28.1% income on rent

46°F Avg Temperature 276 sunny days/yr

225 Violent Crime/100K 1,032 property/100K

B+

Overall

3.5 / 5.0

Good overall score based on economy, affordability, safety and education

Economy

4.2 / 5.0

$62,180 median income, 2.1% unemployment

A+

Affordability

5.0 / 5.0

$191,400 home value, $874/mo rent

Safety

1.0 / 5.0

225 violent crimes/100K

B+

Education

3.9 / 5.0

35.7% bachelor's degree or higher

Madison experiences four distinct seasons with an average annual temperature of 46°F (8°C). Winters average 16°F in January while summers reach 72°F in July. The area gets 276 sunny days per year. Annual precipitation totals 26.8 inches. The area receives 38.1 inches of snow annually. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 35.

Temperature

16°F Jan (-9°C) 72°F Jul (22°C)

Annual Average	45.9°F
	15% below US avg
January Average	16°F (-9°C)
July Average	72°F (22°C)
Sunny Days	276 days/yr

Geography

Elevation	1,672 ft (510 m)
Area	1.8 sq mi (4.6 km²)
Population Density	1,333/sq mi
Coordinates	44.0062°N, 97.1085°W
Timezone	America/Chicago
County	Lake County County
Nearest Airport	Brookings Regional (BKX) 25 miles away

Precipitation & Snow

Annual Rainfall 26.8"

30% below US avg

Snowfall 38.1"

Wettest Month (Jun) 3.86"

Driest Month (Jan) 0.47"

Air Quality

AQI Median	35.0
Rating	Good

Natural Hazard Risk

Overall Risk	Very Low
Risk Score	32.6 / 100
Social Vulnerability	25.9 / 100
Community Resilience	74.2 / 100

Hazard Breakdown

Tornado	Relatively Moderate
Earthquake	Very Low
Wildfire	Very Low
Flood	Very Low
Hail	Relatively Low
Strong Wind	Relatively Low
Heat Wave	Very Low
Winter Weather	Relatively Moderate
Lightning	Very Low
Ice Storm	Relatively Moderate
Drought	Relatively Low
Cold Wave	Relatively Low
Landslide	Very Low

Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)

Earthquake History

5 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990. Strongest: M3.6. Most recent: M2.5 on Mar 6, 2024.

Oct 25, 1990	8 km N of Plankinton, South Dakota	M3.6	112 km
Jul 26, 2002	0 km WSW of Huron, South Dakota	M3.1	97 km
Jan 4, 2021	5 km N of Tyndall, South Dakota	M3.1	123 km
Jan 16, 2022	9 km NE of Plankinton, South Dakota	M2.5	107 km
Mar 6, 2024	6 km SSE of Santee, Nebraska	M2.5	147 km

Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)

Tornado History

584 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950. Strongest: EF5. Total: 11 fatalities, 301 injuries.

Date	Rating	Distance	Fatalities
Jun 16, 1992	EF5	90 km	1
Jun 24, 2003	EF4	61 km	0
May 30, 1998	EF4	54 km	6
Jun 7, 1993	EF4	20 km	0
Jun 7, 1993	EF4	35 km	0
Jun 16, 1992	EF4	97 km	0
Jun 7, 1965	EF4	94 km	1
Jul 7, 1955	EF4	90 km	1
May 30, 2022	EF3	91 km	0
Jun 24, 2003	EF3	98 km	0
Jun 24, 2003	EF3	84 km	0
Jun 7, 1993	EF3	18 km	0
Jun 7, 1993	EF3	11 km	0
Jun 7, 1993	EF3	27 km	0
May 7, 1993	EF3	48 km	0
Jun 16, 1992	EF3	35 km	0
Jun 16, 1992	EF3	39 km	0
Apr 20, 1985	EF3	82 km	0
Jul 18, 1983	EF3	100 km	0
Aug 3, 1981	EF3	81 km	0

Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)

Monthly Weather

Month	Avg Temperature	Precipitation	Summary
January	16°F (-9°C)	0.5 in	Coldest, Driest
February	19°F (-7°C)	0.7 in
March	31°F (-0°C)	1.7 in
April	45°F (7°C)	2.4 in
May	58°F (14°C)	3.0 in
June	68°F (20°C)	3.9 in	Wettest
July	72°F (22°C)	3.1 in	Warmest
August	70°F (21°C)	2.9 in
September	60°F (16°C)	2.4 in
October	48°F (9°C)	1.8 in
November	31°F (-1°C)	1.0 in
December	18°F (-8°C)	0.7 in

Madison has a seasonal temperature swing of 56°F / from 16°F in January to 72°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 23.8 inches, with June being the wettest month (3.9") and January the driest (0.5").

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