Madison, SD

Full City Profile · South Dakota · Lake County County

3.5 /5.0
B+ Good
6,158 Population 1,333/sq mi density
$62,180 Median Income $35,369 per capita
$191,400 Home Value $269,467 Zillow
$874 Median Rent 28.1% income on rent
45°F Avg Temperature
148 Violent Crime/100K 791 property/100K
B+
Overall
3.5 / 5.0
Good overall score based on economy, affordability, safety and education
A
Economy
4.1 / 5.0
$62,180 median income, 3.1% unemployment
A+
Affordability
5.0 / 5.0
$191,400 home value, $874/mo rent
F
Safety
1.0 / 5.0
148 violent crimes/100K
B+
Education
3.9 / 5.0
35.7% bachelor's degree or higher
Madison has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 45°F (7°C). Winters average 14°F in January while summers reach 72°F in July. Annual precipitation totals 26.4 inches. The area receives 36.8 inches of snow annually.

Temperature

14°F Jan (-10°C) 72°F Jul (22°C)
Annual Average44.7°F
17% below US avg
January Average14°F (-10°C)
July Average72°F (22°C)

Geography

Elevation1,672 ft (510 m)
Area1.8 sq mi (4.6 km²)
Population Density1,333/sq mi
Coordinates44.0062°N, 97.1085°W
TimezoneAmerica/Chicago
CountyLake County County
Nearest AirportBrookings Regional (BKX)
25 miles away

Precipitation & Snow

Annual Rainfall 26.4"
31% below US avg
Snowfall 36.8"
Wettest Month (Jun) 4.24"
Driest Month (Jan) 0.46"

Air Quality

Natural Hazard Risk

Overall RiskVery Low
Risk Score32.6 / 100
Social Vulnerability25.9 / 100
Community Resilience74.2 / 100

Hazard Breakdown

Tornado Relatively Moderate
Earthquake Very Low
Wildfire Very Low
Flood Very Low
Hail Relatively Low
Strong Wind Relatively Low
Heat Wave Very Low
Winter Weather Relatively Moderate
Lightning Very Low
Ice Storm Relatively Moderate
Drought Relatively Low
Cold Wave Relatively Low
Landslide Very Low
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)

Earthquake History

5 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990. Strongest: M3.6. Most recent: M2.5 on Mar 6, 2024.

Oct 25, 1990 8 km N of Plankinton, South Dakota M3.6 112 km
Jul 26, 2002 0 km WSW of Huron, South Dakota M3.1 97 km
Jan 4, 2021 5 km N of Tyndall, South Dakota M3.1 123 km
Jan 16, 2022 9 km NE of Plankinton, South Dakota M2.5 107 km
Mar 6, 2024 6 km SSE of Santee, Nebraska M2.5 147 km
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990-2025)

Tornado History

584 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950. Strongest: EF5. Total: 11 fatalities, 301 injuries.

Date Rating Distance Fatalities
Jun 16, 1992 EF5 90 km 1
Jun 24, 2003 EF4 61 km 0
May 30, 1998 EF4 54 km 6
Jun 7, 1993 EF4 20 km 0
Jun 7, 1993 EF4 35 km 0
Jun 16, 1992 EF4 97 km 0
Jun 7, 1965 EF4 94 km 1
Jul 7, 1955 EF4 90 km 1
May 30, 2022 EF3 91 km 0
Jun 24, 2003 EF3 98 km 0
Jun 24, 2003 EF3 84 km 0
Jun 7, 1993 EF3 18 km 0
Jun 7, 1993 EF3 11 km 0
Jun 7, 1993 EF3 27 km 0
May 7, 1993 EF3 48 km 0
Jun 16, 1992 EF3 35 km 0
Jun 16, 1992 EF3 39 km 0
Apr 20, 1985 EF3 82 km 0
Jul 18, 1983 EF3 100 km 0
Aug 3, 1981 EF3 81 km 0
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950-2024)

Monthly Weather

Month Avg Temperature Precipitation Summary
January 14°F (-10°C) 0.5 in Coldest, Driest
February 19°F (-7°C) 0.7 in
March 31°F (-0°C) 1.0 in
April 45°F (7°C) 2.7 in
May 57°F (14°C) 3.7 in
June 67°F (20°C) 4.2 in Wettest
July 72°F (22°C) 3.3 in Warmest
August 70°F (21°C) 3.4 in
September 61°F (16°C) 3.2 in
October 47°F (8°C) 2.2 in
November 32°F (0°C) 0.9 in
December 20°F (-7°C) 0.6 in

Madison has a seasonal temperature swing of 58°F / from 14°F in January to 72°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 26.4 inches, with June being the wettest month (4.2") and January the driest (0.5").

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