Median Income
$59,831
20% lower than US avg
Home Value
$165,900
41% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
119/100K
69% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
18.3%
46% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$894
23% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
38.3%
19% higher than US avg
Unemployment
4.8%
33% higher than US avg
Poverty Rate
12.7%
2% higher than US avg
How Mannford Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population3,278
Median Age36.3 yrs
Density426/mi²
Male / Female51% / 49%
Largest GroupWhite 78%
Veterans6.9%
Economy
B
Median Income$59,831
Per Capita$27,689
Unemployment4.8%
Poverty12.7%
County GDP$457M
Commute28 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$165,900
Rent$894
Ownership62.9%
Zillow$219,586
Housing Units1,387
Rent Burden30.8%
Crime
F
Violent119/100K
Property268/100K
Health
Obesity38.3%
Uninsured12.0%
Smoking17.3%
Depression26.5%
Heart Disease5.9%
Climate
Avg Temp61°F (16°C)
Rain41.8 in/yr
Elevation744 ft (227 m)
Education
C
Bachelor's+18.3%
High School+93.6%
Graduate+5.4%
School Score4.70
Community
2024 VoteR 79% / D 20%
Commute28 min
Broadband87.6%
EV Stations1
Libraries2
Is Mannford a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Mannford receives an overall livability score of 3.0 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B. Key strengths include low crime rates, affordable housing. Mannford offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Mannford is $59,831, 20% below the national average of $75,149. Unemployment stands at 4.8%, indicating a healthy job market. 12.7% of residents live in poverty, near the national average of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 28 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Mannford is $165,900, 41% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. Renters pay a median of $894 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability. At just 2.8x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
Mannford is a very safe community with a violent crime rate of 119 per 100,000 residents / well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 268 per 100,000, 86% below the national average.
Education
18.3% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 93.6% have completed high school. Area schools have an average test score of 4.7/10.
Climate & Weather
Mannford enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 61°F. Winters average 39°F in January while summers reach 82°F in July. Annual precipitation totals 41.8 inches, including 8.4 inches of snow.
Mannford has a population of 3,278 with a density of 426 people per square mile, spread across 8.9 square miles. The median age is 36.3 years, 7% younger than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 49% female and 51% male. The city is predominantly White (78.2%), with 12.7% Hispanic. English is the primary language spoken at home by 93.4% of residents, while 5.7% speak Spanish. 6.9% of the population are veterans. 13.3% of residents have a disability. 88.0% have health insurance coverage.
Population
3,278
Total Population
2023 Census
36.3yrs
Median Age
7% below US avg
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
93.4%
19% above US avg
Spanish
5.7%
57% below US avg
The median household income in Mannford is $59,831, which is 20% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $27,689 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $870, 39% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 4.8% (above the 3.6% US average). 12.7% of residents live below the poverty line. The area has 358 business establishments, including 25 restaurants. The cost of living index is 87.8, below the national baseline of 100 / offering relatively affordable living. Workers commute an average of 28 minutes. 10.9% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income
| Median HH Income | $59,831 |
| 20% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $27,689 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $870 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $55,128 |
| Gini Index | 0.431 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 4.8% |
| 33% above US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 12.7% |
| 2% above US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 358 |
| County GDP | $457M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 25 |
| Healthcare | 36 |
| Retail | 40 |
| Manufacturing | 12 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $2,394 |
| 32% below US avg |
| Cost of Living | 87.80 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 1.44% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 28.3 min |
| Drive Alone | 84.9% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 10.9% |
The median home value in Mannford is $165,900, 41% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $219,586, higher than the Census estimate. According to Redfin, the median sale price is $401,500 with homes selling in an average of 58 days. Homes sell for 101.6% of their list price, indicating a competitive market where bidding wars are common. Monthly rent averages $894 (23% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $791 for a one-bedroom to $995 for a two-bedroom apartment. 62.9% of housing units are owner-occupied. There are 1,387 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1985. The average annual property tax is $2,394 (lower than the $3,500 national average). 30.8% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.8x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $165,900 |
| 41% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $219,586 |
| Redfin Median Sale | $401,500 |
| Median List Price | $179,250 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
| Median Sale Price | $401,500 |
| Median List Price | $179,250 |
| $/Sq Ft | $428 |
| Homes Sold | 2 |
| Days on Market | 58 days |
| Sale-to-List Ratio | 101.6% |
| Price Drops | 50.0% |
| Inventory | 4 |
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $894 |
| 23% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 30.8% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $744 |
| 1 Bedroom | $791 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $995 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,297 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,501 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 62.9% |
| Owner-Occupied | 62.9% |
| Renter-Occupied | 37.1% |
| Housing Units | 1,387 |
| Median Year Built | 1985 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $2,394 |
| 32% below US avg |
| Effective Rate | 1.44% |
In Mannford, 38.3% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 10.1% have diabetes. Heart disease affects 5.9% of residents. 33.4% have high blood pressure. 17.3% are current smokers (above the 14.0% national rate). 15.8% report binge drinking. 27.5% are physically inactive. 26.5% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 19.1% experience frequent mental distress. 12.0% of residents lack health insurance (above the 8.6% national rate). The primary care physician ratio is 1:3,935. The dentist ratio is 1:1,212. 33.5% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 7.8 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Mannford vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 38.3% |
| 19% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 10.1% |
| Heart Disease | 5.9% |
| High Blood Pressure | 33.4% |
| Asthma | 12.0% |
| COPD | 7.0% |
| Cancer | 7.4% |
| Stroke | 3.1% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 17.3% |
| 24% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 15.8% |
| Physical Inactivity | 27.5% |
| Depression | 26.5% |
| Mental Distress | 19.1% |
| Physical Distress | 13.4% |
| Short Sleep | 39.5% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 88.0% |
| Uninsured | 12.0% |
| 40% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:3,935 |
| Dentists | 1:1,212 |
| Mental Health | 1:481 |
| Checkup Rate | 76.8% |
| Dental Visits | 58.7% |
| Premature Death | 13,688/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 7.8/10 |
| Exercise Access | 33.5% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 36 |
Mannford has a violent crime rate of 119 per 100,000 residents, 69% below the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 268 per 100,000, 86% below the U.S. average. The county recorded 5 fatal traffic crashes. The area has experienced 91 federally declared disasters. Overall, Mannford receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Mannford vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 119.2/100K |
| 69% below US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 268.2/100K |
| 86% below US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 5 |
| Traffic Accidents | 11 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 2.6 / 4.0 |
| FEMA Disasters | 91 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Mannford enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 61°F (16°C). Winters average 39°F in January while summers reach 82°F in July. Annual precipitation totals 41.8 inches. The area receives 8.4 inches of snow annually. The city sits at an elevation of 744 feet.
Temperature
39°F Jan (4°C)
82°F Jul (28°C)
| Annual Average | 60.8°F |
| 13% above US avg |
| January Average | 39°F (4°C) |
| July Average | 82°F (28°C) |
Geography
| Elevation | 744 ft (227 m) |
| Area | 8.9 sq mi (23.0 km²) |
| Population Density | 426/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 36.1329°N, 96.3304°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Pawnee County County |
| Nearest Airport | Tulsa International (TUL)
25 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
41.8"
10% above US avg
Wettest Month (May)
6.02"
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Low |
| Risk Score | 48.1 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 77.4 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 27.8 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hurricane |
Very Low |
| Earthquake |
Very Low |
| Wildfire |
Relatively Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Low |
| Hail |
Relatively Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Moderate |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively Low |
| Lightning |
Very Low |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively High |
| Drought |
Relatively Moderate |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
4,684 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M5.8. Most recent: M2.9 on Jul 24, 2025.
| Sep 3, 2016 |
14 km NW of Pawnee, Oklahoma |
M5.8 |
63 km |
| Feb 3, 2024 |
8 km NW of Prague, Oklahoma |
M5.1 |
77 km |
| Apr 9, 2018 |
8 km NNE of Marshall, Oklahoma |
M4.6 |
112 km |
| Apr 7, 2018 |
5 km WNW of Lucien, Oklahoma |
M4.6 |
108 km |
| Dec 7, 2013 |
8 km SW of Arcadia, Oklahoma |
M4.5 |
112 km |
| Jul 27, 2015 |
4 km NNE of Crescent, Oklahoma |
M4.5 |
113 km |
| Apr 16, 2013 |
Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
85 km |
| May 17, 2019 |
8 km E of Pond Creek, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
137 km |
| Aug 19, 2014 |
12 km SSW of Guthrie, Oklahoma |
M4.4 |
110 km |
| Sep 8, 2017 |
9 km ESE of Jefferson, Oklahoma |
M4.3 |
137 km |
| Jun 16, 2014 |
7 km NNE of Lake Aluma, Oklahoma |
M4.3 |
113 km |
| Jun 17, 2015 |
6 km ESE of Covington, Oklahoma |
M4.3 |
108 km |
| Jan 13, 2024 |
6 km W of Arcadia, Oklahoma |
M4.3 |
109 km |
| Jan 26, 2015 |
5 km NNE of Medford, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
146 km |
| Mar 4, 2018 |
4 km N of Breckinridge, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
132 km |
| Jun 21, 2020 |
9 km NW of Perry, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
96 km |
| Mar 29, 2016 |
4 km NNE of Crescent, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
113 km |
| Jul 17, 2016 |
5 km W of Lucien, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
108 km |
| Jan 1, 2016 |
6 km ENE of Edmond, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
110 km |
| Mar 30, 2014 |
2 km S of Marshall, Oklahoma |
M4.2 |
117 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990-2025)
Tornado History
853 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF4. Total: 66 fatalities, 1,306 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| May 6, 2024 |
EF4 |
22 km |
2 |
| Apr 24, 1993 |
EF4 |
45 km |
7 |
| Apr 26, 1991 |
EF4 |
18 km |
1 |
| Apr 26, 1991 |
EF4 |
65 km |
0 |
| Apr 29, 1984 |
EF4 |
25 km |
1 |
| Apr 26, 1984 |
EF4 |
25 km |
3 |
| May 17, 1981 |
EF4 |
90 km |
0 |
| Jun 8, 1974 |
EF4 |
35 km |
14 |
| Apr 2, 1956 |
EF4 |
95 km |
2 |
| May 25, 2024 |
EF3 |
54 km |
2 |
| May 19, 2013 |
EF3 |
95 km |
0 |
| May 29, 2004 |
EF3 |
42 km |
0 |
| May 8, 2003 |
EF3 |
61 km |
0 |
| Jun 1, 1999 |
EF3 |
99 km |
2 |
| May 3, 1999 |
EF3 |
68 km |
0 |
| Oct 4, 1998 |
EF3 |
93 km |
0 |
| Apr 24, 1993 |
EF3 |
46 km |
0 |
| Jul 2, 1992 |
EF3 |
54 km |
0 |
| May 15, 1990 |
EF3 |
74 km |
1 |
| Apr 26, 1984 |
EF3 |
78 km |
8 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950-2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: FREEDOM HILL (57,116 ac, 2012).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2012 |
FREEDOM HILL |
57,116 |
11 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
51,112 |
92 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
36,112 |
60 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
32,901 |
78 km |
| 2018 |
DRUMB |
30,422 |
37 km |
| 2021 |
CANDY CREEK |
23,167 |
53 km |
| 2015 |
UNNAMED |
20,347 |
93 km |
| 2004 |
UNNAMED |
19,648 |
91 km |
| 2014 |
RESERVE |
19,016 |
45 km |
| 2018 |
WEST 60 |
18,715 |
74 km |
| 2015 |
WOLF CREEK |
18,077 |
93 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
17,075 |
82 km |
| 2023 |
HWY 123 |
14,980 |
64 km |
| 2016 |
BAR-DEW LAKE |
14,806 |
82 km |
| 2014 |
SPIDER |
14,587 |
50 km |
| 2004 |
UNNAMED |
14,138 |
99 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
14,119 |
51 km |
| 2016 |
PHAROAH |
13,579 |
70 km |
| 2023 |
NORTH DRUM |
11,618 |
38 km |
| 2023 |
ZINK |
11,332 |
25 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
39°F (4°C) |
1.8 in |
Coldest |
| February |
43°F (6°C) |
1.7 in |
Driest |
| March |
53°F (11°C) |
3.1 in |
|
| April |
61°F (16°C) |
4.5 in |
|
| May |
68°F (20°C) |
6.0 in |
Wettest |
| June |
77°F (25°C) |
5.2 in |
|
| July |
82°F (28°C) |
3.7 in |
Warmest |
| August |
81°F (27°C) |
3.8 in |
|
| September |
73°F (23°C) |
3.8 in |
|
| October |
62°F (17°C) |
3.5 in |
|
| November |
51°F (10°C) |
2.6 in |
|
| December |
41°F (5°C) |
2.2 in |
|
Mannford has a seasonal temperature swing of 43°F / from 39°F in January to 82°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 41.8 inches, with May being the wettest month (6.0") and February the driest (1.7").
Average costs for common services in Mannford. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$220 ($132-$351) |
| Specialist Visit |
$307 ($176-$483) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$176 ($88-$307) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$1,932 ($702-$4,390) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$114 ($66-$176) |
| Dental Filling |
$220 ($132-$351) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$40 ($22-$66) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$66 ($44-$105) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$263 ($132-$439) |
| Tire Rotation |
$35 ($18-$66) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$527 ($351-$878) |
| Battery Replacement |
$176 ($88-$307) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$88 ($53-$132) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$79 ($44-$123) |
| HVAC Repair |
$351 ($132-$702) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,146 ($3,512-$10,536) |
| Roof Repair |
$878 ($351-$1,756) |
| Roof Replacement |
$7,902 ($4,829-$13,170) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,317 ($439-$3,073) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$13,170 ($4,390-$26,340) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,390 ($1,756-$8,780) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,317 ($702-$2,634) |
| Will Preparation |
$439 ($176-$878) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,195 ($878-$4,390) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$22 ($13-$40) |
| Women's Haircut |
$48 ($26-$88) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$132 ($66-$220) |
| Manicure |
$22 ($13-$40) |
| Pedicure |
$35 ($22-$57) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$70 ($44-$114) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.60 ($2.63-$4.83) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.07 ($2.20-$4.39) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.34 ($2.20-$4.83) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$3.95 ($2.63-$5.71) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$4.83 ($3.51-$6.59) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.88 ($0.53-$1.58) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$123 ($70-$220) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$61 ($26-$132) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$61 ($35-$105) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$61 ($35-$88) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$57 ($26-$88) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$75 ($44-$132) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$176 ($66-$439) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,756 ($1,054-$3,073) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$61 ($26-$114) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$13 ($7.02-$22) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$88 ($26-$220) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$26 ($13-$66) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,054 ($527-$2,195) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$878 ($439-$1,756) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$351 ($176-$615) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$44 ($22-$88) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$878 ($351-$2,195) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$10,975 ($4,390-$26,340) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$53 ($26-$88) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$88 ($44-$176) |
| Dog Grooming |
$53 ($26-$88) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$35 ($18-$66) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$263 ($132-$439) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$176 ($88-$351) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $915 |
| Toddler | $790 |
| Preschool | $790 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $664 |
| Toddler | $611 |
| Preschool | $611 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Mannford
What is the population of Mannford?
Mannford has a population of 3,278 residents and is located in Oklahoma. The population density is 426 people per square mile, spread across 8.9 square miles. The median age of residents is 36.3 years, which is younger than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 49% female and 51% male.
Is Mannford expensive to live in?
Mannford is more affordable than the national average, with a cost of living index of 87.8 / below the baseline of 100. The median household income is $59,831, 20% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $165,900 (41% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $894 per month, below the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.8x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Mannford safe?
Mannford is considered a very safe city with a violent crime rate of 119 per 100,000 residents, well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 268 per 100,000 (below the national average). Overall, Mannford receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Mannford?
Mannford enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 61°F (16°C). Winter temperatures average 39°F in January, while summers reach an average of 82°F in July. Annual rainfall totals 41.8 inches, with 8.4 inches of snow.
How is the job market in Mannford?
Mannford has a healthy job market with an unemployment rate of 4.8%, near the national average of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $870. There are 358 business establishments in the area, including 25 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 28 minutes, and 10.9% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Mannford?
The median home value in Mannford is $165,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $219,586. According to Redfin, the median sale price is $401,500, with homes typically selling within 58 days. For renters, the median monthly rent is $894. Fair market rent is $791 for a 1-bedroom and $995 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 62.9%. The average annual property tax is $2,394.
How are the schools in Mannford?
Schools in Mannford have an average test score of 4.7 out of 10, below typical national benchmarks. Families may want to research individual school ratings. 18.3% of adults in Mannford hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 93.6% have completed high school. 5.4% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Mannford?
The obesity rate in Mannford is 38.3% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 17.3% of adults are smokers. 27.5% are physically inactive. 26.5% of residents report depression. 12.0% lack health insurance (above the national rate). 33.5% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:3,935.
What is transportation like in Mannford?
The average commute in Mannford is 28 minutes. 84.9% of workers drive alone to work, and 10.9% work from home.
What are the demographics of Mannford?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Mannford is 78.2% White, 12.7% Hispanic or Latino. 93.4% of residents speak only English at home, while 5.7% speak Spanish. 6.9% of the population are military veterans. 13.3% of residents have a disability. 88.0% have health insurance coverage.