Median Income
$67,396
10% lower than US avg
Home Value
$311,100
10% higher than US avg
Violent Crime
361/100K
5% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
14.5%
57% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
30.1%
6% lower than US avg
Unemployment
0.0%
100% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
0.0%
100% lower than US avg
How Tonto Village Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population100
Median Age61.5 yrs
Density303/mi²
Male / Female67% / 33%
Largest GroupWhite 100%
Veterans69.0%
Economy
A
Median Income$67,396
Per Capita$31,109
Unemployment0.0%
Poverty0.0%
County GDP$2,397M
Housing
A
Home Value$311,100
Ownership78.0%
Zillow$486,088
Housing Units102
Rent Burden27.9%
Crime
F
Violent361/100K
Property2,468/100K
Health
Obesity30.1%
Uninsured9.6%
Smoking13.7%
Depression24.7%
Heart Disease5.1%
Climate
Avg Temp57°F (14°C)
AQI45 (Good)
Rain19.8 in/yr
Sunny Days330/yr
Elevation5,770 ft (1,759 m)
Education
C
Bachelor's+14.5%
High School+100.0%
Graduate+13.2%
School Score3.76
Community
2024 VoteR 68% / D 31%
Broadband41.0%
EV Stations4
Libraries9
Is Tonto Village a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Tonto Village receives an overall livability score of 2.9 out of 5.0, earning a grade of C+. Key strengths include low unemployment, abundant sunshine, a low poverty rate, high health insurance coverage. Tonto Village has some notable strengths but also faces challenges that prospective residents should consider.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Tonto Village is $67,396, 10% below the national average of $75,149. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 0.0%. Only 0.0% of residents live below the poverty line, well below the national rate of 12.4%.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Tonto Village is $311,100, roughly aligned with the national median of $281,900. A price-to-income ratio of 4.6x indicates a reasonably affordable housing market.
Safety & Crime
Violent crime in Tonto Village is below the national average at 361 per 100,000 residents (U.S. avg: 380). Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,468 per 100,000, 26% above the national average.
Education
14.5% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 100.0% have completed high school. School test scores average 3.8/10, below typical benchmarks.
Climate & Weather
Tonto Village enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F. Winters average 41°F in January while summers reach 76°F in July. With 330 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 19.8 inches, including 18.5 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 45.
Tonto Village has a population of 100 with a density of 303 people per square mile, spread across 0.3 square miles. The median age is 61.5 years, 58% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 33% female and 67% male. The city is predominantly White (100%). English is the primary language spoken at home by 100% of residents. 69.0% of the population are veterans, above the national rate of 6.0%. 12.1% of residents have a disability. 100.0% have health insurance coverage.
Population
61.5yrs
Median Age
58% above US avg
Race & Ethnicity
Tonto Village vs U.S. Average
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
100.0%
27% above US avg
Spanish
0.0%
100% below US avg
Social Characteristics
Tonto Village vs U.S. Average
The median household income in Tonto Village is $67,396, which is 10% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $31,109 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $1,090, 24% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 0.0% (below the 3.6% US average). 0.0% of residents live below the poverty line, lower than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 1,138 business establishments, including 138 restaurants. The cost of living index is 100.7, roughly in line with the national average. 0.0% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income: Tonto Village vs U.S.
Income
| Median HH Income | $67,396 |
| 10% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $31,109 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,090 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $62,582 |
| Gini Index | 0.439 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 0.0% |
| 100% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 0.0% |
| 100% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 1,138 |
| County GDP | $2,397M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 138 |
| Healthcare | 139 |
| Retail | 136 |
| Manufacturing | 17 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $3,723 |
| 6% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 100.70 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 1.20% |
Commute & Transportation
| Drive Alone | 100.0% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 0.0% |
The median home value in Tonto Village is $311,100, 10% above the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $486,088, higher than the Census estimate. Fair market rent ranges from $1,151 for a one-bedroom to $1,419 for a two-bedroom apartment. 78.0% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 102 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1995. The average annual property tax is $3,723. 27.9% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 4.6x.
Home Values
| Census Median | $311,100 |
| 10% above US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $486,088 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $1,053 |
| 1 Bedroom | $1,151 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,419 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,889 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $2,158 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 78.0% |
| Owner-Occupied | 78.0% |
| Renter-Occupied | 22.0% |
| Housing Units | 102 |
| Median Year Built | 1995 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $3,723 |
| 6% above US avg |
| Effective Rate | 1.20% |
In Tonto Village, 30.1% of adults are obese, below the national rate of 32.1%. 8.7% have diabetes (below the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 5.1% of residents. 26.9% have high blood pressure. 13.7% are current smokers. 18.4% report binge drinking. 21.0% are physically inactive, below the national average. 24.7% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 18.6% experience frequent mental distress. 9.6% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,233. The dentist ratio is 1:1,634. 87.8% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 6.7 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Tonto Village vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 30.1% |
| 6% below US avg |
| Diabetes | 8.7% |
| Heart Disease | 5.1% |
| High Blood Pressure | 26.9% |
| Asthma | 11.7% |
| COPD | 6.6% |
| Cancer | 7.7% |
| Stroke | 2.9% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 13.7% |
| 2% below US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 18.4% |
| Physical Inactivity | 21.0% |
| Depression | 24.7% |
| Mental Distress | 18.6% |
| Physical Distress | 13.4% |
| Short Sleep | 34.1% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 100.0% |
| Uninsured | 9.6% |
| 12% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:2,233 |
| Dentists | 1:1,634 |
| Mental Health | 1:1,080 |
| Checkup Rate | 72.2% |
| Dental Visits | 59.8% |
| Premature Death | 19,407/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 6.7/10 |
| Exercise Access | 87.8% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 139 |
Tonto Village has a violent crime rate of 361 per 100,000 residents, 5% below the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 2,468 per 100,000, 26% above the U.S. average. The county recorded 22 fatal traffic crashes. The area has experienced 273 federally declared disasters. Overall, Tonto Village receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Tonto Village vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 360.9/100K |
| 5% below US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 2,467.5/100K |
| 26% above US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 22 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
| FEMA Disasters | 273 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Tonto Village enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F (14°C). Winters average 41°F in January while summers reach 76°F in July. The area gets 330 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 19.8 inches (drier than the 38-inch national average). The area receives 18.5 inches of snow annually, a moderate snowfall amount. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 45. The city sits at an elevation of 5,770 feet, a high-altitude location.
Temperature
41°F Jan (5°C)
76°F Jul (24°C)
| Annual Average | 57.0°F |
| 6% above US avg |
| January Average | 41°F (5°C) |
| July Average | 76°F (24°C) |
| Sunny Days | 330 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 5,770 ft (1,759 m) |
| Area | 0.3 sq mi (0.9 km²) |
| Population Density | 303/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 34.3198°N, 111.1393°W |
| Timezone | America/Phoenix |
| County | Gila County County |
| Nearest Airport | Winslow-Lindbergh Regional (INW) 54 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
19.8"
48% below US avg
Wettest Month (Aug)
3.15"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 45.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
| Ozone (O₃) | 0.0517 ppm |
| SO₂ (Sulfur Dioxide) | 1.67 ppb |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Moderate |
| Risk Score | 90.2 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 86.7 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 6.4 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Very Low |
| Hurricane |
Very Low |
| Earthquake |
Very Low |
| Wildfire |
Relatively High |
| Flood |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hail |
Very Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Low |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively High |
| Lightning |
Relatively High |
| Drought |
Very Low |
| Cold Wave |
Very Low |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
| Volcano |
Very Low |
| Avalanche |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
51 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M5.1. Most recent: M2.5 on Apr 15, 2025.
| Mar 2, 2005 |
40 km SSW of Winslow West, Arizona |
M5.1 |
47 km |
| Jan 30, 2005 |
41 km NNE of Washington Park, Arizona |
M4.0 |
50 km |
| Jan 6, 1998 |
15 km WSW of Joseph City, Arizona |
M3.9 |
89 km |
| Jul 23, 2023 |
2 km E of Chino Valley, Arizona |
M3.8 |
128 km |
| Mar 18, 2011 |
7 km NNW of Clarkdale, Arizona |
M3.8 |
105 km |
| Jan 28, 2005 |
40 km NE of Washington Park, Arizona |
M3.8 |
45 km |
| Jan 23, 2011 |
7 km NNW of Clarkdale, Arizona |
M3.6 |
104 km |
| Feb 8, 2005 |
37 km NE of Washington Park, Arizona |
M3.6 |
43 km |
| Oct 25, 2011 |
4 km WSW of Paulden, Arizona |
M3.5 |
140 km |
| Nov 13, 1991 |
5 km NW of Prescott Valley, Arizona |
M3.5 |
118 km |
| Jul 1, 2005 |
23 km NE of Washington Park, Arizona |
M3.4 |
30 km |
| Apr 7, 2021 |
4 km ESE of Flagstaff, Arizona |
M3.3 |
105 km |
| Jan 8, 2012 |
28 km SW of Winslow West, Arizona |
M3.2 |
59 km |
| Mar 18, 2025 |
13 km NNE of Clay Springs, Arizona |
M3.2 |
83 km |
| Jul 1, 2005 |
37 km NE of Washington Park, Arizona |
M3.2 |
42 km |
| Jun 25, 2010 |
8 km SW of Roosevelt, Arizona |
M3.1 |
79 km |
| May 5, 2015 |
6 km W of Munds Park, Arizona |
M3.1 |
88 km |
| May 9, 2009 |
11 km SSW of Cordes Lakes, Arizona |
M3.1 |
93 km |
| Sep 29, 1994 |
22 km N of Parks, Arizona |
M3.0 |
149 km |
| Jun 17, 2014 |
17 km SSE of Williams, Arizona |
M3.0 |
124 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Tornado History
32 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF2. Total: 7 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Oct 6, 2010 |
EF2 |
100 km |
0 |
| Oct 6, 2010 |
EF2 |
100 km |
0 |
| Nov 19, 2023 |
EF1 |
14 km |
0 |
| Jul 10, 2021 |
EF1 |
35 km |
0 |
| Oct 6, 2010 |
EF1 |
23 km |
0 |
| Oct 17, 1962 |
EF1 |
50 km |
0 |
| Jul 26, 2024 |
EF0 |
86 km |
0 |
| Jun 23, 2022 |
EF0 |
94 km |
0 |
| Jul 24, 2020 |
EF0 |
86 km |
0 |
| Sep 23, 2019 |
EF0 |
96 km |
0 |
| Oct 21, 2018 |
EF0 |
88 km |
0 |
| Aug 18, 2018 |
EF0 |
93 km |
0 |
| Jul 15, 2013 |
EF0 |
89 km |
0 |
| Jul 24, 2011 |
EF0 |
100 km |
0 |
| Oct 6, 2010 |
EF0 |
87 km |
0 |
| Oct 6, 2010 |
EF0 |
84 km |
0 |
| Jul 16, 2006 |
EF0 |
94 km |
0 |
| Sep 29, 2004 |
EF0 |
97 km |
0 |
| Sep 4, 2004 |
EF0 |
30 km |
0 |
| Aug 15, 2003 |
EF0 |
51 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Nearby Volcanoes
1 volcano within 200 km.
Closest: San Francisco Volcanic Field (124 km).
| Name |
Type |
Elevation |
Last Eruption |
Distance |
| San Francisco Volcanic Field |
Pyroclastic cone |
3,850 m (12,631 ft) |
1075 |
124 km |
Source: Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program (GVP). Sorted by distance.
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: RODEO (461,774 ac, 2002).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2002 |
RODEO |
461,774 |
63 km |
| 2005 |
CAVE CREEK COMPLEX |
246,143 |
68 km |
| 2020 |
BUSH |
212,542 |
60 km |
| 2019 |
WOODBURY |
130,242 |
89 km |
| 2004 |
WILLOW |
118,494 |
41 km |
| 2005 |
EDGE COMPLEX |
69,291 |
63 km |
| 2020 |
GRIFFIN |
61,455 |
100 km |
| 1996 |
LONE |
60,574 |
72 km |
| 2016 |
CEDAR |
44,163 |
97 km |
| 2021 |
BACKBONE |
41,168 |
49 km |
| 2017 |
BROOKLYN |
39,780 |
82 km |
| 2016 |
JACK |
35,926 |
46 km |
| 2016 |
JUNIPER |
32,293 |
54 km |
| 2024 |
SAND STONE |
26,470 |
73 km |
| 1990 |
DUDE |
25,080 |
8 km |
| 2015 |
CAMILLO |
24,654 |
62 km |
| 2024 |
SKELETON |
22,753 |
84 km |
| 2014 |
SLIDE |
22,698 |
98 km |
| 1995 |
RIO |
22,666 |
91 km |
| 2020 |
SALT |
21,885 |
89 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
41°F (5°C) |
2.2 in |
|
| February |
40°F (5°C) |
1.9 in |
|
| March |
44°F (6°C) |
2.4 in |
|
| April |
49°F (10°C) |
1.0 in |
|
| May |
57°F (14°C) |
0.6 in |
|
| June |
65°F (18°C) |
0.4 in |
Driest |
| July |
76°F (24°C) |
2.7 in |
Warmest |
| August |
72°F (22°C) |
3.2 in |
Wettest |
| September |
66°F (19°C) |
2.0 in |
|
| October |
57°F (14°C) |
1.7 in |
|
| November |
47°F (8°C) |
1.9 in |
|
| December |
39°F (4°C) |
2.2 in |
Coldest |
Tonto Village has a seasonal temperature swing of 37°F / from 39°F in December to 76°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 22.2 inches, with August being the wettest month (3.2") and June the driest (0.4").
Average costs for common services in Tonto Village. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$252 ($151–$403) |
| Specialist Visit |
$352 ($201–$554) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$201 ($101–$352) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$2,215 ($806–$5,035) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$131 ($76–$201) |
| Dental Filling |
$252 ($151–$403) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$45 ($25–$76) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$76 ($50–$121) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$302 ($151–$504) |
| Tire Rotation |
$40 ($20–$76) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$604 ($403–$1,007) |
| Battery Replacement |
$201 ($101–$352) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$101 ($60–$151) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$91 ($50–$141) |
| HVAC Repair |
$403 ($151–$806) |
| HVAC System Install |
$7,049 ($4,028–$12,084) |
| Roof Repair |
$1,007 ($403–$2,014) |
| Roof Replacement |
$9,063 ($5,539–$15,105) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,511 ($504–$3,525) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$15,105 ($5,035–$30,210) |
| DUI Defense |
$5,035 ($2,014–$10,070) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,511 ($806–$3,021) |
| Will Preparation |
$504 ($201–$1,007) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,518 ($1,007–$5,035) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$25 ($15–$45) |
| Women's Haircut |
$55 ($30–$101) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$151 ($76–$252) |
| Manicure |
$25 ($15–$45) |
| Pedicure |
$40 ($25–$65) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$81 ($50–$131) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$4.13 ($3.02–$5.54) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.52 ($2.52–$5.04) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.83 ($2.52–$5.54) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.53 ($3.02–$6.55) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$5.54 ($4.03–$7.55) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$1.01 ($0.60–$1.81) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$141 ($81–$252) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$70 ($30–$151) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$70 ($40–$121) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$70 ($40–$101) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$65 ($30–$101) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$86 ($50–$151) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$201 ($76–$504) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$2,014 ($1,208–$3,525) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$70 ($30–$131) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$15 ($8.06–$25) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$101 ($30–$252) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$30 ($15–$76) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,208 ($604–$2,518) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$1,007 ($504–$2,014) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$403 ($201–$705) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$50 ($25–$101) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$1,007 ($403–$2,518) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$12,588 ($5,035–$30,210) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$60 ($30–$101) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$101 ($50–$201) |
| Dog Grooming |
$60 ($30–$101) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$40 ($20–$76) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$302 ($151–$504) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$201 ($101–$403) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $904 |
| Toddler | $701 |
| Preschool | $701 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $909 |
| Toddler | $747 |
| Preschool | $747 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Tonto Village
What is the population of Tonto Village?
Tonto Village has a population of 100 residents and is located in Arizona. The population density is 303 people per square mile, spread across 0.3 square miles. The median age of residents is 61.5 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 33% female and 67% male.
Is Tonto Village expensive to live in?
Tonto Village has a cost of living roughly in line with the national average, with an index of 100.7 (baseline: 100). The median household income is $67,396, 10% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $311,100 (10% above the U.S. median). The home price-to-income ratio is 4.6x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Tonto Village safe?
Tonto Village is safer than the national average, with a violent crime rate of 361 per 100,000 compared to the U.S. rate of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,468 per 100,000 (above the national average). Overall, Tonto Village receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Tonto Village?
Tonto Village enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F (14°C). Winter temperatures average 41°F in January, while summers reach an average of 76°F in July. The area receives 330 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 19.8 inches, with 18.5 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 45.
How is the job market in Tonto Village?
The job market in Tonto Village is very strong, with unemployment at just 0.0% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $1,090. There are 1,138 business establishments in the area, including 138 restaurants and food service locations.
How much does housing cost in Tonto Village?
The median home value in Tonto Village is $311,100. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $486,088. The homeownership rate is 78.0%. The average annual property tax is $3,723.
How are the schools in Tonto Village?
Schools in Tonto Village have an average test score of 3.8 out of 10, below typical national benchmarks. Families may want to research individual school ratings. 14.5% of adults in Tonto Village hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 100.0% have completed high school. 13.2% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Tonto Village?
The obesity rate in Tonto Village is 30.1% (below the national rate of 32.1%). 13.7% of adults are smokers. 21.0% are physically inactive. 24.7% of residents report depression. 9.6% lack health insurance. 87.8% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,233.
What are the demographics of Tonto Village?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Tonto Village is 100% White. 100% of residents speak only English at home. 69.0% of the population are military veterans. 12.1% of residents have a disability. 100.0% have health insurance coverage.