Median Income
$41,288
45% lower than US avg
Home Value
$70,400
75% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
1,534/100K
304% higher than US avg
Bachelor's+
7.9%
77% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$1,100
5% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
39.4%
23% higher than US avg
Unemployment
2.4%
33% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
9.3%
25% lower than US avg
How Valier Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population596
Median Age54.3 yrs
Density532/mi²
Male / Female46% / 54%
Largest GroupWhite 96%
Veterans9.4%
Economy
B+
Median Income$41,288
Per Capita$24,388
Unemployment2.4%
Poverty9.3%
County GDP$873M
Commute38 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$70,400
Rent$1,100
Ownership88.1%
Zillow$56,644
Housing Units341
Rent Burden51.0%
Crime
F
Violent1,534/100K
Property14,724/100K
Health
Obesity39.4%
Uninsured8.0%
Smoking15.6%
Depression24.6%
Heart Disease5.8%
Climate
Avg Temp55°F (13°C)
AQI43 (Good)
Rain42.2 in/yr
Sunny Days293/yr
Elevation440 ft (134 m)
Education
D
Bachelor's+7.9%
High School+89.1%
Graduate+3.5%
School Score5.13
Community
2024 VoteR 75% / D 23%
Commute38 min
Broadband71.5%
EV Stations1
Libraries3
Is Valier a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Valier receives an overall livability score of 2.8 out of 5.0, earning a grade of C+. Key strengths include low unemployment, affordable housing, abundant sunshine, high health insurance coverage. Areas to be aware of include elevated crime rates, below-average incomes, long commute times. Valier has some notable strengths but also faces challenges that prospective residents should consider.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Valier is $41,288, 45% below the national average of $75,149. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 2.4%. 9.3% of residents live in poverty, near the national average of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 38 minutes, longer than the typical American commute of 28 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Valier is $70,400, 75% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. Renters pay a median of $1,100 per month. At just 1.7x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
With 1,534 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, public safety is a notable concern / this is significantly above the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 14,724 per 100,000, 651% above the national average.
Education
7.9% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 89.1% have completed high school. Area schools have an average test score of 5.1/10.
Climate & Weather
Valier experiences four distinct seasons with an average temperature of 55°F. Winters average 30°F in January while summers reach 77°F in July. With 293 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 42.2 inches, including 11.7 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 43.
Valier has a population of 596 with a density of 532 people per square mile, spread across 0.4 square miles. The median age is 54.3 years, 40% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 54% female and 46% male. The city is predominantly White (96.1%). English is the primary language spoken at home by 100% of residents. 9.4% of the population are veterans, above the national rate of 6.0%. 21.1% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 94.5% have health insurance coverage.
Population
54.3yrs
Median Age
40% above US avg
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
100.0%
27% above US avg
Spanish
0.0%
100% below US avg
The median household income in Valier is $41,288, which is 45% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $24,388 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $968, 32% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 2.4% (below the 3.6% US average). 9.3% of residents live below the poverty line, lower than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 328 business establishments, including 43 restaurants. The cost of living index is 100, roughly in line with the national average. Workers commute an average of 38 minutes (longer than the 28-minute US average). 2.5% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income
| Median HH Income | $41,288 |
| 45% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $24,388 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $968 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $60,281 |
| Gini Index | 0.415 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 2.4% |
| 33% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 9.3% |
| 25% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 328 |
| County GDP | $873M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 43 |
| Healthcare | 48 |
| Retail | 52 |
| Manufacturing | 18 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $4,138 |
| 18% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 100.00 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 5.88% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 37.5 min |
| Drive Alone | 87.4% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 2.5% |
The median home value in Valier is $70,400, 75% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $56,644, lower than the Census estimate. Monthly rent averages $1,100 (5% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $854 for a one-bedroom to $1,063 for a two-bedroom apartment. 88.1% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 341 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1949. The average annual property tax is $4,138 (higher than the $3,500 national average). 51.0% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing, indicating a significant affordability challenge for renters. The home price-to-income ratio is 1.7x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $70,400 |
| 75% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $56,644 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $1,100 |
| 5% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 51.0% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $774 |
| 1 Bedroom | $854 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,063 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,370 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,561 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 88.1% |
| Owner-Occupied | 88.1% |
| Renter-Occupied | 11.9% |
| Housing Units | 341 |
| Median Year Built | 1949 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $4,138 |
| 18% above US avg |
| Effective Rate | 5.88% |
In Valier, 39.4% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 9.8% have diabetes. Heart disease affects 5.8% of residents. 30.8% have high blood pressure. 15.6% are current smokers. 20.3% report binge drinking. 22.7% are physically inactive. 24.6% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 19.2% experience frequent mental distress. 8.0% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,614. The dentist ratio is 1:2,288. 67.4% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 7.1 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Valier vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 39.4% |
| 23% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 9.8% |
| Heart Disease | 5.8% |
| High Blood Pressure | 30.8% |
| Asthma | 10.8% |
| COPD | 7.0% |
| Cancer | 7.5% |
| Stroke | 3.0% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 15.6% |
| 11% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 20.3% |
| Physical Inactivity | 22.7% |
| Depression | 24.6% |
| Mental Distress | 19.2% |
| Physical Distress | 13.2% |
| Short Sleep | 37.9% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 94.5% |
| Uninsured | 8.0% |
| 7% below US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:1,614 |
| Dentists | 1:2,288 |
| Mental Health | 1:402 |
| Checkup Rate | 75.9% |
| Dental Visits | 63.5% |
| Premature Death | 9,279/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 7.1/10 |
| Exercise Access | 67.4% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 48 |
Valier has a violent crime rate of 1,534 per 100,000 residents, 304% above the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 14,724 per 100,000, 651% above the U.S. average. Overall, Valier receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Valier vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 1,533.7/100K |
| 304% above US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 14,723.9/100K |
| 651% above US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Valier experiences four distinct seasons with an average annual temperature of 55°F (13°C). Winters average 30°F in January while summers reach 77°F in July. The area gets 293 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 42.2 inches. The area receives 11.7 inches of snow annually. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 43. The city sits at an elevation of 440 feet.
Temperature
30°F Jan (-1°C)
77°F Jul (25°C)
| Annual Average | 55.1°F |
| 2% above US avg |
| January Average | 30°F (-1°C) |
| July Average | 77°F (25°C) |
| Sunny Days | 293 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 440 ft (134 m) |
| Area | 0.4 sq mi (1.1 km²) |
| Population Density | 532/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 38.0180°N, 89.0437°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Perry County County |
| Nearest Airport | Cape Girardeau Regional (CGI)
64 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
42.2"
11% above US avg
Wettest Month (May)
4.57"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 43.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Low |
| Risk Score | 72.1 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 64.1 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 82.2 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Low |
| Hurricane |
Very Low |
| Earthquake |
Relatively Moderate |
| Wildfire |
Very Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Low |
| Hail |
Relatively Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Moderate |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively Moderate |
| Lightning |
Relatively Low |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Low |
| Drought |
Relatively Low |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
133 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M5.2. Most recent: M2.6 on Aug 9, 2025.
| Apr 18, 2008 |
7 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois |
M5.2 |
112 km |
| Sep 26, 1990 |
4 km SE of Chaffee, Missouri |
M4.8 |
109 km |
| Apr 18, 2008 |
9 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois |
M4.7 |
114 km |
| Jun 18, 2002 |
6 km SW of Parkers Settlement, Indiana |
M4.6 |
113 km |
| Feb 5, 1994 |
2 km WNW of Dongola, Illinois |
M4.2 |
73 km |
| Apr 21, 2008 |
7 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois |
M4.0 |
113 km |
| Jun 6, 2003 |
1 km NE of Bardwell, Kentucky |
M4.0 |
127 km |
| Feb 21, 2012 |
4 km SSE of Bertrand, Missouri |
M3.9 |
132 km |
| Dec 7, 2000 |
7 km W of Evansville, Indiana |
M3.9 |
123 km |
| Sep 19, 2017 |
4 km N of Bellmont, Illinois |
M3.8 |
109 km |
| Mar 2, 2010 |
2 km ENE of East Prairie, Missouri |
M3.7 |
140 km |
| Apr 25, 2008 |
8 km NNE of Bellmont, Illinois |
M3.7 |
113 km |
| Jan 2, 2006 |
3 km NNE of Eldorado, Illinois |
M3.6 |
58 km |
| Nov 20, 2012 |
7 km N of Bellmont, Illinois |
M3.6 |
111 km |
| Jun 20, 2005 |
4 km WSW of Blandville, Kentucky |
M3.6 |
122 km |
| Mar 15, 2017 |
9 km ESE of Wyatt, Missouri |
M3.6 |
127 km |
| May 1, 2016 |
5 km SE of New Grand Chain, Illinois |
M3.5 |
90 km |
| Jul 16, 2004 |
6 km SE of Wyatt, Missouri |
M3.5 |
129 km |
| Sep 26, 1994 |
4 km ENE of Blandville, Kentucky |
M3.4 |
118 km |
| Mar 2, 1990 |
9 km NW of Vernon, Illinois |
M3.4 |
93 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Tornado History
528 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF5. Total: 60 fatalities, 1,005 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Dec 18, 1957 |
EF5 |
19 km |
1 |
| Feb 28, 2017 |
EF4 |
91 km |
1 |
| Nov 17, 2013 |
EF4 |
57 km |
2 |
| Feb 29, 2012 |
EF4 |
50 km |
8 |
| Sep 22, 2006 |
EF4 |
79 km |
0 |
| May 6, 2003 |
EF4 |
83 km |
2 |
| Jun 2, 1990 |
EF4 |
56 km |
1 |
| Jun 2, 1990 |
EF4 |
79 km |
0 |
| May 29, 1982 |
EF4 |
25 km |
10 |
| Dec 18, 1957 |
EF4 |
29 km |
1 |
| Dec 18, 1957 |
EF4 |
52 km |
11 |
| May 26, 2024 |
EF3 |
49 km |
0 |
| Feb 28, 2017 |
EF3 |
82 km |
1 |
| Sep 22, 2006 |
EF3 |
94 km |
0 |
| Mar 11, 2006 |
EF3 |
87 km |
2 |
| May 6, 2003 |
EF3 |
90 km |
0 |
| Apr 28, 2002 |
EF3 |
80 km |
0 |
| Apr 28, 2002 |
EF3 |
76 km |
1 |
| Apr 21, 2002 |
EF3 |
46 km |
1 |
| Apr 19, 1996 |
EF3 |
79 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: UNNAMED (2,286 ac, 2019).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2019 |
UNNAMED |
2,286 |
80 km |
| 2021 |
RED SHALE UNIT RX |
2,123 |
38 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
1,627 |
73 km |
| 2019 |
ATWOOD RIDGE RX |
1,622 |
73 km |
| 2021 |
GAP VIEW RX |
1,575 |
74 km |
| 2022 |
DENNISON HOLLOW RX |
1,573 |
68 km |
| 2021 |
UNNAMED |
1,510 |
69 km |
| 2022 |
ONE HORSE GAP RX |
1,502 |
77 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
1,493 |
67 km |
| 2015 |
UNNAMED |
1,447 |
69 km |
| 2021 |
BEATTY BRANCH RX |
1,396 |
78 km |
| 2020 |
UNNAMED |
1,334 |
93 km |
| 2016 |
UNNAMED |
1,299 |
77 km |
| 2024 |
RED SHALE RX |
1,259 |
39 km |
| 2017 |
UNNAMED |
1,257 |
83 km |
| 2021 |
OZARK HILL PRAIRIE RX |
1,235 |
83 km |
| 2014 |
UNNAMED |
1,216 |
77 km |
| 2019 |
KINKAID RX |
1,215 |
42 km |
| 2013 |
UNNAMED |
1,203 |
76 km |
| 2022 |
KINKAID STATE FISH AND WILDLIFE AREA RX |
1,115 |
42 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
30°F (-1°C) |
2.5 in |
Coldest, Driest |
| February |
35°F (2°C) |
2.7 in |
|
| March |
45°F (7°C) |
4.4 in |
|
| April |
56°F (13°C) |
4.1 in |
|
| May |
65°F (18°C) |
4.6 in |
Wettest |
| June |
74°F (23°C) |
3.9 in |
|
| July |
77°F (25°C) |
3.5 in |
Warmest |
| August |
76°F (24°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| September |
69°F (21°C) |
3.2 in |
|
| October |
58°F (14°C) |
3.1 in |
|
| November |
46°F (8°C) |
4.1 in |
|
| December |
35°F (2°C) |
3.5 in |
|
Valier has a seasonal temperature swing of 47°F / from 30°F in January to 77°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 42.7 inches, with May being the wettest month (4.6") and January the driest (2.5").
Average costs for common services in Valier. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$250 ($150–$400) |
| Specialist Visit |
$350 ($200–$550) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$200 ($100–$350) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$2,200 ($800–$5,000) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$130 ($75–$200) |
| Dental Filling |
$250 ($150–$400) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$45 ($25–$75) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$75 ($50–$120) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$300 ($150–$500) |
| Tire Rotation |
$40 ($20–$75) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$600 ($400–$1,000) |
| Battery Replacement |
$200 ($100–$350) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$100 ($60–$150) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$90 ($50–$140) |
| HVAC Repair |
$400 ($150–$800) |
| HVAC System Install |
$7,000 ($4,000–$12,000) |
| Roof Repair |
$1,000 ($400–$2,000) |
| Roof Replacement |
$9,000 ($5,500–$15,000) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,500 ($500–$3,500) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$15,000 ($5,000–$30,000) |
| DUI Defense |
$5,000 ($2,000–$10,000) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,500 ($800–$3,000) |
| Will Preparation |
$500 ($200–$1,000) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,500 ($1,000–$5,000) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$25 ($15–$45) |
| Women's Haircut |
$55 ($30–$100) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$150 ($75–$250) |
| Manicure |
$25 ($15–$45) |
| Pedicure |
$40 ($25–$65) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$80 ($50–$130) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$4.10 ($3.00–$5.50) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.50 ($2.50–$5.00) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.80 ($2.50–$5.50) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.50 ($3.00–$6.50) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$5.50 ($4.00–$7.50) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$1.00 ($0.60–$1.80) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$140 ($80–$250) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$70 ($30–$150) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$70 ($40–$120) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$70 ($40–$100) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$65 ($30–$100) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$85 ($50–$150) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$200 ($75–$500) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$2,000 ($1,200–$3,500) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$70 ($30–$130) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$15 ($8.00–$25) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$100 ($30–$250) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$30 ($15–$75) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,200 ($600–$2,500) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$1,000 ($500–$2,000) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$400 ($200–$700) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$50 ($25–$100) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$1,000 ($400–$2,500) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$12,500 ($5,000–$30,000) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$60 ($30–$100) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$100 ($50–$200) |
| Dog Grooming |
$60 ($30–$100) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$40 ($20–$75) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$300 ($150–$500) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$200 ($100–$400) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $768 |
| Toddler | $888 |
| Preschool | $743 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $814 |
| Toddler | $742 |
| Preschool | $665 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Valier
What is the population of Valier?
Valier has a population of 596 residents and is located in Illinois. The population density is 532 people per square mile, spread across 0.4 square miles. The median age of residents is 54.3 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 54% female and 46% male.
Is Valier expensive to live in?
Valier has a cost of living roughly in line with the national average, with an index of 100 (baseline: 100). The median household income is $41,288, 45% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $70,400 (75% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $1,100 per month. The home price-to-income ratio is 1.7x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Valier safe?
Public safety is a concern in Valier, with a violent crime rate of 1,534 per 100,000 / significantly above the national average of 380. However, crime tends to concentrate in certain areas, and many neighborhoods remain relatively safe. Property crime occurs at a rate of 14,724 per 100,000 (above the national average). Overall, Valier receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Valier?
Valier has a four-season climate with an average annual temperature of 55°F (13°C). Winter temperatures average 30°F in January, while summers reach an average of 77°F in July. The area receives 293 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 42.2 inches, with 11.7 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 43.
How is the job market in Valier?
The job market in Valier is very strong, with unemployment at just 2.4% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $968. There are 328 business establishments in the area, including 43 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 38 minutes, and 2.5% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Valier?
The median home value in Valier is $70,400. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $56,644. For renters, the median monthly rent is $1,100. Fair market rent is $854 for a 1-bedroom and $1,063 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 88.1%. The average annual property tax is $4,138.
How are the schools in Valier?
Schools in Valier score 5.1 out of 10 on standardized testing, near the national average. 7.9% of adults in Valier hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 89.1% have completed high school. 3.5% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Valier?
The obesity rate in Valier is 39.4% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 15.6% of adults are smokers. 22.7% are physically inactive. 24.6% of residents report depression. 8.0% lack health insurance. 67.4% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,614.
What is transportation like in Valier?
The average commute in Valier is 38 minutes, longer than the national average of 28 minutes. 87.4% of workers drive alone to work, and 2.5% work from home.
What are the demographics of Valier?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Valier is 96.1% White, 0.7% Black or African American. 100% of residents speak only English at home. 9.4% of the population are military veterans. 21.1% of residents have a disability. 94.5% have health insurance coverage.
All Countries
