Median Income
$137,218
83% higher than US avg
Home Value
$442,300
57% higher than US avg
Violent Crime
430/100K
13% higher than US avg
Bachelor's+
44.7%
33% higher than US avg
Median Rent
$1,390
20% higher than US avg
Obesity Rate
34.2%
7% higher than US avg
Unemployment
0.9%
75% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
2.0%
84% lower than US avg
How Walkersville Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population6,352
Median Age43.1 yrs
Density1,334/mi²
Male / Female48% / 52%
Largest GroupWhite 76%
Veterans8.2%
Economy
A+
Median Income$137,218
Per Capita$57,556
Unemployment0.9%
Poverty2.0%
County GDP$20,352M
Commute37 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$442,300
Rent$1,390
Ownership86.8%
Zillow$460,945
Housing Units2,440
Rent Burden26.3%
Crime
F
Violent430/100K
Property2,314/100K
Health
Obesity34.2%
Uninsured7.2%
Smoking9.6%
Depression22.9%
Heart Disease4.6%
Climate
Avg Temp57°F (14°C)
AQI41 (Good)
Rain43.5 in/yr
Sunny Days293/yr
Elevation305 ft (93 m)
Education
A+
Bachelor's+44.7%
High School+97.3%
Graduate+22.3%
School Score6.54
Community
2024 VoteR 44% / D 53%
Commute37 min
Broadband90.1%
EV Stations40
Libraries11
Is Walkersville a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Walkersville receives an overall livability score of 3.9 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B+. Key strengths include above-average household incomes, low unemployment, a highly educated population, abundant sunshine. Areas to be aware of include high housing costs, long commute times. Walkersville offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Walkersville is $137,218, which is significantly higher than the national average / 83% above $75,149. This places Walkersville among higher-income communities. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 0.9%. Only 2.0% of residents live below the poverty line, well below the national rate of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 37 minutes, longer than the typical American commute of 28 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Walkersville is $442,300, making it a premium housing market at 57% above the U.S. median of $281,900. Renters pay a median of $1,390 per month. A price-to-income ratio of 3.2x indicates a reasonably affordable housing market.
Safety & Crime
The violent crime rate of 430 per 100,000 is above the national average of 380 / something for prospective residents to consider. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,314 per 100,000, near the national average.
Education
Educational attainment is solid, with 44.7% holding a bachelor's degree or higher, near the national average. 97.3% have completed high school. Local schools score 6.5/10 in standardized testing, reflecting strong academic performance.
Climate & Weather
Walkersville enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F. Winters average 35°F in January while summers reach 79°F in July. With 293 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 43.5 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 41.
Walkersville has a population of 6,352 with a density of 1,334 people per square mile, spread across 4.8 square miles. The median age is 43.1 years, 11% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 52.2% female and 47.8% male. The city is predominantly White (76.4%), with 5.5% Black. English is the primary language spoken at home by 94.1% of residents, while 5.9% speak Spanish. 8.2% of the population are veterans, above the national rate of 6.0%. 9.3% of residents have a disability (below the 13.0% national average). 98.1% have health insurance coverage.
Population
43.1yrs
Median Age
11% above US avg
Race & Ethnicity
Walkersville vs U.S. Average
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
94.1%
20% above US avg
Spanish
5.9%
56% below US avg
Social Characteristics
Walkersville vs U.S. Average
The median household income in Walkersville is $137,218, which is 83% above the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $57,556 (above the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $1,343. The unemployment rate is 0.9% (below the 3.6% US average). 2.0% of residents live below the poverty line, lower than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 7,170 business establishments, including 526 restaurants. The cost of living index is 105, roughly in line with the national average. Workers commute an average of 37 minutes (longer than the 28-minute US average). 16.0% of workers work from home.
Income: Walkersville vs U.S.
Income
| Median HH Income | $137,218 |
| 83% above US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $57,556 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,343 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $99,317 |
| Gini Index | 0.396 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 0.9% |
| 75% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 2.0% |
| 84% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 7,170 |
| County GDP | $20,352M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 526 |
| Healthcare | 755 |
| Retail | 710 |
| Manufacturing | 168 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $5,766 |
| 65% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 105.00 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 1.30% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 36.8 min |
| Drive Alone | 75.9% |
| Public Transit | 1.5% |
| Work from Home | 16.0% |
The median home value in Walkersville is $442,300, 57% above the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $460,945. Homes sell for 101.1% of their list price, indicating a competitive market where bidding wars are common. Monthly rent averages $1,390 (20% above the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $1,400 for a one-bedroom to $1,648 for a two-bedroom apartment. 86.8% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 2,440 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1987. The average annual property tax is $5,766 (higher than the $3,500 national average). 26.3% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 3.2x.
Home Values
| Census Median | $442,300 |
| 57% above US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $460,945 |
| Median List Price | $301,950 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
| Median List Price | $301,950 |
| $/Sq Ft | $229 |
| Homes Sold | 4 |
| Sale-to-List Ratio | 101.1% |
| Price Drops | 7.7% |
| Inventory | 13 |
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $1,390 |
| 20% above US avg |
| Zillow Rent (ZORI) | $1,995 |
| Rent Burden | 26.3% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $1,312 |
| 1 Bedroom | $1,400 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,648 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $2,123 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $2,442 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 86.8% |
| Owner-Occupied | 86.8% |
| Renter-Occupied | 13.2% |
| Housing Units | 2,440 |
| Median Year Built | 1987 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $5,766 |
| 65% above US avg |
| Effective Rate | 1.30% |
In Walkersville, 34.2% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 8.7% have diabetes (below the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 4.6% of residents, below the national average. 30.3% have high blood pressure. 9.6% are current smokers (below the 14.0% national rate). 17.1% report binge drinking. 18.7% are physically inactive, below the national average. 22.9% report depression. 16.7% experience frequent mental distress. 7.2% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,782. The dentist ratio is 1:1,503. 90.3% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 8.7 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Walkersville vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 34.2% |
| 7% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 8.7% |
| Heart Disease | 4.6% |
| High Blood Pressure | 30.3% |
| Asthma | 10.0% |
| COPD | 4.8% |
| Cancer | 7.8% |
| Stroke | 2.5% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 9.6% |
| 31% below US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 17.1% |
| Physical Inactivity | 18.7% |
| Depression | 22.9% |
| Mental Distress | 16.7% |
| Physical Distress | 10.2% |
| Short Sleep | 35.6% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 98.1% |
| Uninsured | 7.2% |
| 16% below US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:1,782 |
| Dentists | 1:1,503 |
| Mental Health | 1:320 |
| Checkup Rate | 76.8% |
| Dental Visits | 69.0% |
| Premature Death | 5,697/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 8.7/10 |
| Exercise Access | 90.3% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 755 |
Walkersville has a violent crime rate of 430 per 100,000 residents, 13% above the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 2,314 per 100,000, 18% above the U.S. average. The county recorded 30 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Walkersville receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Walkersville vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 429.7/100K |
| 13% above US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 2,313.5/100K |
| 18% above US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 30 |
| Traffic Accidents | 180 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 2.5 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Walkersville enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F (14°C). Winters average 35°F in January while summers reach 79°F in July. The area gets 293 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 43.5 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 41. The city sits at an elevation of 305 feet.
Temperature
35°F Jan (2°C)
79°F Jul (26°C)
| Annual Average | 57.0°F |
| 6% above US avg |
| January Average | 35°F (2°C) |
| July Average | 79°F (26°C) |
| Sunny Days | 293 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 305 ft (93 m) |
| Area | 4.8 sq mi (12.3 km²) |
| Population Density | 1,334/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 39.4743°N, 77.3634°W |
| Timezone | America/New_York |
| County | Frederick County County |
| Nearest Airport | Hagerstown Regional/Richard A Henson Field (HGR) 25 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
43.5"
15% above US avg
Wettest Month (May)
3.74"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 41.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Low |
| Risk Score | 74.2 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 10.6 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 77.8 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hurricane |
Relatively Low |
| Earthquake |
Relatively Low |
| Wildfire |
Very Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hail |
Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Moderate |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively High |
| Lightning |
Relatively High |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Low |
| Drought |
Relatively Moderate |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
| Avalanche |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
24 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M4.6. Most recent: M2.6 on Jun 25, 2021.
| Jan 16, 1994 |
2 km W of Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania |
M4.6 |
148 km |
| Jan 16, 1994 |
0 km E of Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania |
M4.2 |
150 km |
| Jul 16, 2010 |
5 km NNW of Barnesville, Maryland |
M3.6 |
24 km |
| Jun 13, 2019 |
9 km N of Blain, Pennsylvania |
M3.4 |
106 km |
| Jun 3, 2010 |
4 km ENE of Franklintown, Pennsylvania |
M3.1 |
76 km |
| Jan 17, 2016 |
3 km NE of Ranson, West Virginia |
M3.0 |
44 km |
| Nov 14, 1997 |
0 km S of Rothsville, Pennsylvania |
M3.0 |
121 km |
| Apr 24, 2009 |
1 km S of Franklintown, Pennsylvania |
M2.9 |
72 km |
| Jan 16, 1994 |
0 km SSE of Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania |
M2.9 |
149 km |
| Sep 15, 2019 |
5 km ESE of East Berlin, Pennsylvania |
M2.8 |
63 km |
| Oct 25, 2009 |
4 km ENE of Franklintown, Pennsylvania |
M2.8 |
77 km |
| Mar 15, 1993 |
5 km W of Columbia, Maryland |
M2.7 |
48 km |
| Oct 28, 1994 |
1 km E of Mount Vernon, Maryland |
M2.7 |
68 km |
| Mar 11, 1995 |
0 km ENE of Landisville, Pennsylvania |
M2.7 |
108 km |
| Jan 13, 1990 |
6 km ENE of Eldersburg, Maryland |
M2.6 |
42 km |
| Jun 25, 2021 |
2 km SE of Woodlawn, Maryland |
M2.6 |
59 km |
| Jan 18, 1994 |
3 km SE of Clay, Pennsylvania |
M2.6 |
126 km |
| Oct 28, 1996 |
2 km W of Reinholds, Pennsylvania |
M2.6 |
137 km |
| Sep 29, 1997 |
Virginia |
M2.5 |
74 km |
| Jan 8, 1995 |
1 km WSW of Montrose Manor, Pennsylvania |
M2.5 |
148 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Hurricane History
3 hurricanes (Cat 1+) within 500 km since 1980.
Strongest: Category 2. Most recent: Irene (2011, Cat 1).
| Year |
Name |
Category |
Closest |
| 2011 |
Irene |
Category 1 |
256 km |
| 1986 |
Charley |
Category 1 |
298 km |
| 1985 |
Gloria |
Category 2 |
275 km |
Source: NOAA IBTrACS (Cat 1+, 1980–2026)
Tornado History
440 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF3. Total: 5 fatalities, 261 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Sep 24, 2001 |
EF3 |
69 km |
2 |
| Jul 19, 1996 |
EF3 |
33 km |
0 |
| May 22, 1983 |
EF3 |
27 km |
0 |
| Jun 7, 1980 |
EF3 |
59 km |
0 |
| Sep 5, 1979 |
EF3 |
81 km |
1 |
| Apr 1, 1973 |
EF3 |
75 km |
0 |
| Jun 9, 1961 |
EF3 |
71 km |
0 |
| Apr 16, 1961 |
EF3 |
65 km |
0 |
| Apr 5, 1952 |
EF3 |
49 km |
0 |
| Sep 1, 2021 |
EF2 |
96 km |
0 |
| Apr 19, 2019 |
EF2 |
63 km |
0 |
| Nov 2, 2018 |
EF2 |
22 km |
0 |
| Apr 28, 2011 |
EF2 |
80 km |
0 |
| Sep 18, 2004 |
EF2 |
89 km |
0 |
| Sep 17, 2004 |
EF2 |
18 km |
0 |
| Sep 17, 2004 |
EF2 |
77 km |
0 |
| Sep 17, 2004 |
EF2 |
58 km |
0 |
| Sep 17, 2004 |
EF2 |
72 km |
0 |
| Sep 17, 2004 |
EF2 |
92 km |
0 |
| Sep 17, 2004 |
EF2 |
95 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
35°F (2°C) |
2.7 in |
|
| February |
34°F (1°C) |
2.6 in |
Coldest, Driest |
| March |
43°F (6°C) |
3.4 in |
|
| April |
53°F (11°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| May |
63°F (17°C) |
3.7 in |
Wettest |
| June |
71°F (22°C) |
3.6 in |
|
| July |
79°F (26°C) |
3.6 in |
Warmest |
| August |
74°F (23°C) |
3.7 in |
|
| September |
67°F (20°C) |
3.2 in |
|
| October |
55°F (13°C) |
2.6 in |
|
| November |
46°F (8°C) |
3.1 in |
|
| December |
36°F (2°C) |
2.9 in |
|
Walkersville has a seasonal temperature swing of 45°F / from 34°F in February to 79°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 38.4 inches, with May being the wettest month (3.7") and February the driest (2.6").
Average costs for common services in Walkersville. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$263 ($158–$420) |
| Specialist Visit |
$368 ($210–$578) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$210 ($105–$368) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$2,310 ($840–$5,250) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$137 ($79–$210) |
| Dental Filling |
$263 ($158–$420) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$47 ($26–$79) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$79 ($53–$126) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$315 ($158–$525) |
| Tire Rotation |
$42 ($21–$79) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$630 ($420–$1,050) |
| Battery Replacement |
$210 ($105–$368) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$105 ($63–$158) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$95 ($53–$147) |
| HVAC Repair |
$420 ($158–$840) |
| HVAC System Install |
$7,350 ($4,200–$12,600) |
| Roof Repair |
$1,050 ($420–$2,100) |
| Roof Replacement |
$9,450 ($5,775–$15,750) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,575 ($525–$3,675) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$15,750 ($5,250–$31,500) |
| DUI Defense |
$5,250 ($2,100–$10,500) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,575 ($840–$3,150) |
| Will Preparation |
$525 ($210–$1,050) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,625 ($1,050–$5,250) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$26 ($16–$47) |
| Women's Haircut |
$58 ($32–$105) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$158 ($79–$263) |
| Manicure |
$26 ($16–$47) |
| Pedicure |
$42 ($26–$68) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$84 ($53–$137) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$4.31 ($3.15–$5.78) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.68 ($2.63–$5.25) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.99 ($2.63–$5.78) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.73 ($3.15–$6.83) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$5.78 ($4.20–$7.88) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$1.05 ($0.63–$1.89) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$147 ($84–$263) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$74 ($32–$158) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$74 ($42–$126) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$74 ($42–$105) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$68 ($32–$105) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$89 ($53–$158) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$210 ($79–$525) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$2,100 ($1,260–$3,675) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$74 ($32–$137) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$16 ($8.40–$26) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$105 ($32–$263) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$32 ($16–$79) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,260 ($630–$2,625) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$1,050 ($525–$2,100) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$420 ($210–$735) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$53 ($26–$105) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$1,050 ($420–$2,625) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$13,125 ($5,250–$31,500) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$63 ($32–$105) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$105 ($53–$210) |
| Dog Grooming |
$63 ($32–$105) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$42 ($21–$79) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$315 ($158–$525) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$210 ($105–$420) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $1,407 |
| Toddler | $1,053 |
| Preschool | $1,053 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $959 |
| Toddler | $847 |
| Preschool | $847 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Walkersville
What is the population of Walkersville?
Walkersville has a population of 6,352 residents and is located in Maryland. The population density is 1,334 people per square mile, spread across 4.8 square miles. The median age of residents is 43.1 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 52.2% female and 47.8% male.
Is Walkersville expensive to live in?
Walkersville has a cost of living roughly in line with the national average, with an index of 105 (baseline: 100). The median household income is $137,218, 83% above the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $442,300 (57% above the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $1,390 per month, above the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 3.2x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Walkersville safe?
The violent crime rate in Walkersville is 430 per 100,000 residents, above the national average of 380. Prospective residents should research specific neighborhoods, as crime rates can vary significantly within the city. Property crime occurs at a rate of 2,314 per 100,000 (above the national average). Overall, Walkersville receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Walkersville?
Walkersville enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F (14°C). Winter temperatures average 35°F in January, while summers reach an average of 79°F in July. The area receives 293 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 43.5 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 41.
How is the job market in Walkersville?
The job market in Walkersville is very strong, with unemployment at just 0.9% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $1,343. There are 7,170 business establishments in the area, including 526 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 37 minutes, and 16.0% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Walkersville?
The median home value in Walkersville is $442,300. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $460,945. For renters, the median monthly rent is $1,390. Fair market rent is $1,400 for a 1-bedroom and $1,648 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 86.8%. The average annual property tax is $5,766.
How are the schools in Walkersville?
Schools in Walkersville score 6.5 out of 10 on standardized testing, near the national average. 44.7% of adults in Walkersville hold a bachelor's degree or higher, above the national average of 33.7%. 97.3% have completed high school. 22.3% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Walkersville?
The obesity rate in Walkersville is 34.2% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 9.6% of adults are smokers. 18.7% are physically inactive. 22.9% of residents report depression. 7.2% lack health insurance (below the national rate). 90.3% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,782.
What is transportation like in Walkersville?
The average commute in Walkersville is 37 minutes, longer than the national average of 28 minutes. 75.9% of workers drive alone to work, 1.5% use public transit, and 16.0% work from home.
What are the demographics of Walkersville?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Walkersville is 76.4% White, 5.5% Black or African American, 0.9% Hispanic or Latino. 94.1% of residents speak only English at home, while 5.9% speak Spanish. 8.2% of the population are military veterans. 9.3% of residents have a disability. 98.1% have health insurance coverage.