Median Income
$46,250
38% lower than US avg
Home Value
$133,800
53% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
1,238/100K
226% higher than US avg
Bachelor's+
29.6%
12% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$463
60% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
50.5%
57% higher than US avg
Unemployment
0.0%
100% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
31.7%
156% higher than US avg
How Winstonville Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population113
Median Age50.2 yrs
Density377/mi²
Male / Female50% / 50%
Largest GroupWhite 0%
Veterans88.0%
Economy
C+
Median Income$46,250
Per Capita$18,603
Unemployment0.0%
Poverty31.7%
County GDP$1,386M
Commute14 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$133,800
Rent$463
Ownership75.0%
Zillow$140,574
Housing Units46
Rent Burden27.5%
Crime
F
Violent1,238/100K
Property7,214/100K
Health
Obesity50.5%
Uninsured13.3%
Smoking19.3%
Depression17.2%
Heart Disease7.0%
Climate
Avg Temp63°F (17°C)
AQI43 (Good)
Rain54.0 in/yr
Sunny Days304/yr
Elevation146 ft (45 m)
Education
B
Bachelor's+29.6%
High School+84.5%
Graduate+3.9%
School Score3.75
Community
2024 VoteR 38% / D 62%
Commute14 min
Broadband44.0%
EV Stations2
Libraries5
Is Winstonville a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Winstonville receives an overall livability score of 3.0 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B. Key strengths include low unemployment, affordable housing, abundant sunshine. Areas to be aware of include elevated crime rates, an elevated poverty rate, a high uninsured rate. Winstonville offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Winstonville is $46,250, 38% below the national average of $75,149. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 0.0%. The poverty rate of 31.7% exceeds the national average of 12.4%, indicating economic hardship for a significant portion of the population. Workers commute an average of 14 minutes, shorter than most U.S. cities.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Winstonville is $133,800, 53% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. Renters pay a median of $463 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability. At just 2.9x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
With 1,238 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, public safety is a notable concern / this is significantly above the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 7,214 per 100,000, 268% above the national average.
Education
29.6% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 84.5% have completed high school. School test scores average 3.8/10, below typical benchmarks.
Climate & Weather
Winstonville enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 63°F. Winters average 42°F in January while summers reach 82°F in July. With 304 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 54.0 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 43.
Winstonville has a population of 113 with a density of 377 people per square mile, spread across 0.3 square miles. The median age is 50.2 years, 29% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 49.6% female and 50.4% male. The city is predominantly Black (99.1%). English is the primary language spoken at home by 100% of residents. 88.0% of the population are veterans, above the national rate of 6.0%. 23.8% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 89.5% have health insurance coverage.
Population
50.2yrs
Median Age
29% above US avg
Race & Ethnicity
Winstonville vs U.S. Average
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
100.0%
27% above US avg
Spanish
0.0%
100% below US avg
Social Characteristics
Winstonville vs U.S. Average
The median household income in Winstonville is $46,250, which is 38% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $18,603 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $855, 40% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 0.0% (below the 3.6% US average). 31.7% of residents live below the poverty line, higher than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 841 business establishments, including 70 restaurants. The cost of living index is 87, below the national baseline of 100 / offering relatively affordable living. Workers commute an average of 14 minutes (shorter than the 28-minute US average). 0.0% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income: Winstonville vs U.S.
Income
| Median HH Income | $46,250 |
| 38% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $18,603 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $855 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $52,801 |
| Gini Index | 0.559 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 0.0% |
| 100% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 31.7% |
| 156% above US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 841 |
| County GDP | $1,386M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 70 |
| Healthcare | 83 |
| Retail | 140 |
| Manufacturing | 16 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $3,290 |
| 6% below US avg |
| Cost of Living | 87.00 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 2.46% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 13.6 min |
| Drive Alone | 76.2% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 0.0% |
The median home value in Winstonville is $133,800, 53% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $140,574. Monthly rent averages $463 (60% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $782 for a one-bedroom to $924 for a two-bedroom apartment. 75.0% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 46 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1992. The average annual property tax is $3,290. 27.5% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.9x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $133,800 |
| 53% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $140,574 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $463 |
| 60% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 27.5% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $751 |
| 1 Bedroom | $782 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $924 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,177 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,295 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 75.0% |
| Owner-Occupied | 75.0% |
| Renter-Occupied | 25.0% |
| Housing Units | 46 |
| Median Year Built | 1992 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $3,290 |
| 6% below US avg |
| Effective Rate | 2.46% |
In Winstonville, 50.5% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 20.3% have diabetes (above the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 7.0% of residents, above the national average. 52.6% have high blood pressure. 19.3% are current smokers (above the 14.0% national rate). 9.8% report binge drinking. 43.2% are physically inactive, above the national average. 17.2% report depression. 19.5% experience frequent mental distress. 13.3% of residents lack health insurance (above the 8.6% national rate). The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,021. The dentist ratio is 1:2,259. 53.8% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 3.9 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Winstonville vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 50.5% |
| 57% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 20.3% |
| Heart Disease | 7.0% |
| High Blood Pressure | 52.6% |
| Asthma | 12.0% |
| COPD | 8.5% |
| Cancer | 4.4% |
| Stroke | 5.8% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 19.3% |
| 38% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 9.8% |
| Physical Inactivity | 43.2% |
| Depression | 17.2% |
| Mental Distress | 19.5% |
| Physical Distress | 15.6% |
| Short Sleep | 44.6% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 89.5% |
| Uninsured | 13.3% |
| 55% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:2,021 |
| Dentists | 1:2,259 |
| Mental Health | 1:1,073 |
| Checkup Rate | 85.4% |
| Dental Visits | 5.9% |
| Premature Death | 19,769/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 3.9/10 |
| Exercise Access | 53.8% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 83 |
Winstonville has a violent crime rate of 1,238 per 100,000 residents, 226% above the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 7,214 per 100,000, 268% above the U.S. average. The county recorded 4 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Winstonville receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Winstonville vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 1,238.3/100K |
| 226% above US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 7,213.8/100K |
| 268% above US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 4 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Winstonville enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 63°F (17°C). Winters average 42°F in January while summers reach 82°F in July. The area gets 304 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 54.0 inches (wetter than the 38-inch national average). Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 43. The city sits at an elevation of 146 feet.
Temperature
42°F Jan (6°C)
82°F Jul (28°C)
| Annual Average | 63.1°F |
| 17% above US avg |
| January Average | 42°F (6°C) |
| July Average | 82°F (28°C) |
| Sunny Days | 304 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 146 ft (45 m) |
| Area | 0.3 sq mi (0.8 km²) |
| Population Density | 377/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 33.9123°N, 90.7529°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Bolivar County County |
| Nearest Airport | Pinebluff Regional/Grider Field (PBF) 70 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
54.0"
42% above US avg
Wettest Month (Mar)
5.87"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 43.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
| Ozone (O₃) | 0.0462 ppm |
| PM2.5 (Fine Particles) | 10.5 μg/m³ |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Low |
| Risk Score | 76.8 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 98.7 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 45.8 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hurricane |
Relatively Low |
| Earthquake |
Relatively Moderate |
| Wildfire |
Very Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hail |
Relatively Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Moderate |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively Low |
| Lightning |
Relatively Low |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Moderate |
| Drought |
Relatively Moderate |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Landslide |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
11 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M3.9. Most recent: M3.7 on Jan 8, 2019.
| Oct 29, 2012 |
8 km SW of Parkin, Arkansas |
M3.9 |
144 km |
| Jan 8, 2019 |
8 km WNW of Hollandale, Mississippi |
M3.7 |
81 km |
| Aug 11, 1996 |
9 km WSW of Shaw, Mississippi |
M3.1 |
39 km |
| Oct 26, 2002 |
3 km SE of Alligator, Mississippi |
M3.1 |
18 km |
| Aug 11, 2002 |
8 km ESE of Darling, Mississippi |
M2.8 |
71 km |
| Feb 25, 1999 |
10 km NE of Oakland, Mississippi |
M2.8 |
87 km |
| Feb 11, 1991 |
10 km SSW of Clarksdale, Mississippi |
M2.7 |
26 km |
| Jan 3, 1993 |
4 km SW of Sunset, Arkansas |
M2.7 |
150 km |
| Oct 18, 2009 |
9 km SE of Redfield, Arkansas |
M2.6 |
136 km |
| Apr 11, 1996 |
9 km ENE of Biscoe, Arkansas |
M2.6 |
117 km |
| Oct 20, 1999 |
8 km NE of Clarendon, Arkansas |
M2.5 |
105 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Hurricane History
1 hurricane (Cat 1+) within 500 km since 1980.
Strongest: Category 1. Most recent: Katrina (2005, Cat 1).
| Year |
Name |
Category |
Closest |
| 2005 |
Katrina |
Category 1 |
257 km |
Source: NOAA IBTrACS (Cat 1+, 1980–2026)
Tornado History
423 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF4. Total: 27 fatalities, 497 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Nov 24, 2001 |
EF4 |
59 km |
0 |
| Mar 9, 1992 |
EF4 |
97 km |
0 |
| Apr 17, 1978 |
EF4 |
54 km |
0 |
| Mar 24, 2023 |
EF3 |
94 km |
3 |
| Dec 23, 2015 |
EF3 |
11 km |
2 |
| Feb 24, 2007 |
EF3 |
94 km |
0 |
| Nov 24, 2001 |
EF3 |
77 km |
0 |
| Feb 24, 2001 |
EF3 |
68 km |
0 |
| Feb 24, 2001 |
EF3 |
74 km |
0 |
| Jan 21, 1999 |
EF3 |
98 km |
0 |
| May 2, 1997 |
EF3 |
96 km |
0 |
| Dec 21, 1990 |
EF3 |
76 km |
0 |
| Nov 19, 1988 |
EF3 |
21 km |
0 |
| May 14, 1983 |
EF3 |
97 km |
0 |
| Apr 24, 1976 |
EF3 |
41 km |
0 |
| Nov 24, 1973 |
EF3 |
58 km |
0 |
| Nov 20, 1973 |
EF3 |
70 km |
0 |
| Apr 21, 1972 |
EF3 |
72 km |
0 |
| Feb 21, 1971 |
EF3 |
23 km |
3 |
| Nov 19, 1970 |
EF3 |
99 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: UNNAMED (2,376 ac, 2016).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2016 |
UNNAMED |
2,376 |
93 km |
| 2024 |
HOLLY SPRINGS IU 130-1 RX |
1,839 |
93 km |
| 2021 |
HOLLY SPRINGS - BB 123 124 |
1,761 |
89 km |
| 2018 |
UNNAMED |
1,760 |
89 km |
| 2010 |
COMP 139 |
1,671 |
86 km |
| 2024 |
HOLLY SPRINGS IU 127-1 128-1 RX |
1,353 |
90 km |
| 2006 |
UNNAMED |
1,334 |
79 km |
| 2010 |
DREW |
1,283 |
98 km |
| 2010 |
COMP 134 |
1,257 |
88 km |
| 2021 |
HOLLY SPRINGS BB 127/128 |
1,231 |
90 km |
| 2024 |
HOLLY SPRINGS CPT 123124 RX |
1,216 |
89 km |
| 2022 |
HOLLY SPRINGS BB 130/136 |
1,129 |
93 km |
| 2010 |
COMP 135 |
1,063 |
91 km |
| 2015 |
UNNAMED |
981 |
89 km |
| 2013 |
C-132 |
889 |
88 km |
| 2022 |
HOLLY SPRINGS BB 133 |
866 |
86 km |
| 2017 |
310 WEST OF COMO |
745 |
92 km |
| 1993 |
UNNAMED |
651 |
82 km |
| 1996 |
UNNAMED |
647 |
93 km |
| 2018 |
UNNAMED |
599 |
85 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
42°F (6°C) |
4.6 in |
Coldest |
| February |
46°F (8°C) |
4.7 in |
|
| March |
54°F (12°C) |
5.9 in |
Wettest |
| April |
63°F (17°C) |
5.4 in |
|
| May |
72°F (22°C) |
5.4 in |
|
| June |
79°F (26°C) |
4.4 in |
|
| July |
82°F (28°C) |
4.2 in |
Warmest |
| August |
80°F (27°C) |
2.8 in |
Driest |
| September |
75°F (24°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| October |
64°F (18°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| November |
53°F (12°C) |
5.3 in |
|
| December |
45°F (7°C) |
5.6 in |
|
Winstonville has a seasonal temperature swing of 40°F / from 42°F in January to 82°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 54.8 inches, with March being the wettest month (5.9") and August the driest (2.8").
Average costs for common services in Winstonville. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$218 ($131–$348) |
| Specialist Visit |
$305 ($174–$479) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$174 ($87–$305) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$1,914 ($696–$4,350) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$113 ($65–$174) |
| Dental Filling |
$218 ($131–$348) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$39 ($22–$65) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$65 ($44–$104) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$261 ($131–$435) |
| Tire Rotation |
$35 ($17–$65) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$522 ($348–$870) |
| Battery Replacement |
$174 ($87–$305) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$87 ($52–$131) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$78 ($44–$122) |
| HVAC Repair |
$348 ($131–$696) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,090 ($3,480–$10,440) |
| Roof Repair |
$870 ($348–$1,740) |
| Roof Replacement |
$7,830 ($4,785–$13,050) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,305 ($435–$3,045) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$13,050 ($4,350–$26,100) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,350 ($1,740–$8,700) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,305 ($696–$2,610) |
| Will Preparation |
$435 ($174–$870) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,175 ($870–$4,350) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$22 ($13–$39) |
| Women's Haircut |
$48 ($26–$87) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$131 ($65–$218) |
| Manicure |
$22 ($13–$39) |
| Pedicure |
$35 ($22–$57) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$70 ($44–$113) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.57 ($2.61–$4.79) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.05 ($2.18–$4.35) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.31 ($2.18–$4.79) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$3.92 ($2.61–$5.66) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$4.79 ($3.48–$6.53) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.87 ($0.52–$1.57) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$122 ($70–$218) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$61 ($26–$131) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$61 ($35–$104) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$61 ($35–$87) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$57 ($26–$87) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$74 ($44–$131) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$174 ($65–$435) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,740 ($1,044–$3,045) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$61 ($26–$113) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$13 ($6.96–$22) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$87 ($26–$218) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$26 ($13–$65) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,044 ($522–$2,175) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$870 ($435–$1,740) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$348 ($174–$609) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$44 ($22–$87) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$870 ($348–$2,175) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$10,875 ($4,350–$26,100) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$52 ($26–$87) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$87 ($44–$174) |
| Dog Grooming |
$52 ($26–$87) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$35 ($17–$65) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$261 ($131–$435) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$174 ($87–$348) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $501 |
| Toddler | $456 |
| Preschool | $456 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Winstonville
What is the population of Winstonville?
Winstonville has a population of 113 residents and is located in Mississippi. The population density is 377 people per square mile, spread across 0.3 square miles. The median age of residents is 50.2 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 49.6% female and 50.4% male.
Is Winstonville expensive to live in?
Winstonville is more affordable than the national average, with a cost of living index of 87 / below the baseline of 100. The median household income is $46,250, 38% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $133,800 (53% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $463 per month, below the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.9x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Winstonville safe?
Public safety is a concern in Winstonville, with a violent crime rate of 1,238 per 100,000 / significantly above the national average of 380. However, crime tends to concentrate in certain areas, and many neighborhoods remain relatively safe. Property crime occurs at a rate of 7,214 per 100,000 (above the national average). Overall, Winstonville receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Winstonville?
Winstonville enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 63°F (17°C). Winter temperatures average 42°F in January, while summers reach an average of 82°F in July. The area receives 304 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 54.0 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 43.
How is the job market in Winstonville?
The job market in Winstonville is very strong, with unemployment at just 0.0% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $855. There are 841 business establishments in the area, including 70 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 14 minutes, and 0.0% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Winstonville?
The median home value in Winstonville is $133,800. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $140,574. For renters, the median monthly rent is $463. Fair market rent is $782 for a 1-bedroom and $924 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 75.0%. The average annual property tax is $3,290.
How are the schools in Winstonville?
Schools in Winstonville have an average test score of 3.8 out of 10, below typical national benchmarks. Families may want to research individual school ratings. 29.6% of adults in Winstonville hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 84.5% have completed high school. 3.9% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Winstonville?
The obesity rate in Winstonville is 50.5% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 19.3% of adults are smokers. 43.2% are physically inactive. 17.2% of residents report depression. 13.3% lack health insurance (above the national rate). 53.8% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,021.
What is transportation like in Winstonville?
The average commute in Winstonville is 14 minutes, shorter than the national average of 28 minutes. 76.2% of workers drive alone to work, and 0.0% work from home.
What are the demographics of Winstonville?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Winstonville is 99.1% Black or African American. 100% of residents speak only English at home. 88.0% of the population are military veterans. 23.8% of residents have a disability. 89.5% have health insurance coverage.