Median Income
$112,917
50% higher than US avg
Home Value
$362,400
29% higher than US avg
Violent Crime
132/100K
65% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
42.2%
25% higher than US avg
Median Rent
$908
22% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
34.3%
7% higher than US avg
Unemployment
0.6%
83% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
12.1%
2% lower than US avg
How Elm Springs Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population3,000
Median Age43.0 yrs
Density504/mi²
Male / Female54% / 46%
Largest GroupWhite 82%
Veterans6.2%
Economy
A+
Median Income$112,917
Per Capita$50,685
Unemployment0.6%
Poverty12.1%
County GDP$26,126M
Commute19 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$362,400
Rent$908
Ownership94.3%
Zillow$620,969
Housing Units871
Rent Burden30.4%
Crime
F
Violent132/100K
Property1,192/100K
Health
Obesity34.3%
Uninsured9.4%
Smoking11.9%
Depression24.5%
Heart Disease5.6%
Climate
Avg Temp59°F (15°C)
AQI43 (Good)
Rain45.4 in/yr
Sunny Days305/yr
Elevation1,160 ft (354 m)
Education
A
Bachelor's+42.2%
High School+91.3%
Graduate+12.7%
School Score6.20
Community
2024 VoteR 62% / D 35%
Commute19 min
Broadband94.3%
EV Stations15
Libraries9
Is Elm Springs a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Elm Springs receives an overall livability score of 3.7 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B+. Key strengths include above-average household incomes, low unemployment, low crime rates, a highly educated population. Elm Springs offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Elm Springs is $112,917, which is significantly higher than the national average / 50% above $75,149. This places Elm Springs among higher-income communities. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 0.6%. 12.1% of residents live in poverty, near the national average of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 19 minutes, shorter than most U.S. cities.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Elm Springs is $362,400, 29% above the national median. Renters pay a median of $908 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability. A price-to-income ratio of 3.2x indicates a reasonably affordable housing market.
Safety & Crime
Elm Springs is a very safe community with a violent crime rate of 132 per 100,000 residents / well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 1,192 per 100,000, 39% below the national average.
Education
Educational attainment is solid, with 42.2% holding a bachelor's degree or higher, near the national average. 91.3% have completed high school. Local schools score 6.2/10 in standardized testing, reflecting strong academic performance.
Climate & Weather
Elm Springs enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 59°F. Winters average 37°F in January while summers reach 79°F in July. With 305 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 45.4 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 43.
Elm Springs has a population of 3,000 with a density of 504 people per square mile, spread across 6.0 square miles. The median age is 43.0 years, 11% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 45.8% female and 54.2% male. The city is predominantly White (82.1%), with 3.8% Hispanic. English is the primary language spoken at home by 88.6% of residents, while 11.4% speak Spanish. 6.2% of the population are veterans. 10.0% of residents have a disability (below the 13.0% national average). 92.8% have health insurance coverage.
Population
43.0yrs
Median Age
11% above US avg
Race & Ethnicity
Elm Springs vs U.S. Average
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
88.6%
13% above US avg
Spanish
11.4%
15% below US avg
Social Characteristics
Elm Springs vs U.S. Average
The median household income in Elm Springs is $112,917, which is 50% above the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $50,685 (above the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $1,576. The unemployment rate is 0.6% (below the 3.6% US average). 12.1% of residents live below the poverty line. The area has 8,444 business establishments, including 586 restaurants. The cost of living index is 86.9, below the national baseline of 100 / offering relatively affordable living. Workers commute an average of 19 minutes (shorter than the 28-minute US average). 12.5% of workers work from home.
Income: Elm Springs vs U.S.
Income
| Median HH Income | $112,917 |
| 50% above US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $50,685 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,576 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $132,070 |
| Gini Index | 0.457 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 0.6% |
| 83% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 12.1% |
| 2% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 8,444 |
| County GDP | $26,126M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 586 |
| Healthcare | 743 |
| Retail | 873 |
| Manufacturing | 192 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $4,666 |
| 33% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 86.90 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 1.29% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 18.6 min |
| Drive Alone | 80.0% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 12.5% |
The median home value in Elm Springs is $362,400, 29% above the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $620,969, higher than the Census estimate. Homes sell for 96.8% of their list price, suggesting buyers have room to negotiate. Monthly rent averages $908 (22% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $751 for a one-bedroom to $944 for a two-bedroom apartment. 94.3% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 871 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 2001. The average annual property tax is $4,666 (higher than the $3,500 national average). 30.4% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 3.2x.
Home Values
| Census Median | $362,400 |
| 29% above US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $620,969 |
| Median List Price | $775,676 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
| Median List Price | $775,676 |
| $/Sq Ft | $264 |
| Homes Sold | 1 |
| Sale-to-List Ratio | 96.8% |
| Price Drops | 15.4% |
| Inventory | 13 |
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $908 |
| 22% below US avg |
| Rent Burden | 30.4% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $700 |
| 1 Bedroom | $751 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $944 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,239 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,406 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 94.3% |
| Owner-Occupied | 94.3% |
| Renter-Occupied | 5.7% |
| Housing Units | 871 |
| Median Year Built | 2001 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $4,666 |
| 33% above US avg |
| Effective Rate | 1.29% |
In Elm Springs, 34.3% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 9.1% have diabetes. Heart disease affects 5.6% of residents. 33.8% have high blood pressure. 11.9% are current smokers. 17.2% report binge drinking. 23.6% are physically inactive. 24.5% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 17.2% experience frequent mental distress. 9.4% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,678. The dentist ratio is 1:2,277. 76.8% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 7.7 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Elm Springs vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 34.3% |
| 7% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 9.1% |
| Heart Disease | 5.6% |
| High Blood Pressure | 33.8% |
| Asthma | 9.9% |
| COPD | 5.9% |
| Cancer | 7.3% |
| Stroke | 2.8% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 11.9% |
| 15% below US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 17.2% |
| Physical Inactivity | 23.6% |
| Depression | 24.5% |
| Mental Distress | 17.2% |
| Physical Distress | 12.6% |
| Short Sleep | 33.9% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 92.8% |
| Uninsured | 9.4% |
| 9% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:1,678 |
| Dentists | 1:2,277 |
| Mental Health | 1:396 |
| Checkup Rate | 76.5% |
| Dental Visits | 61.8% |
| Premature Death | 6,948/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 7.7/10 |
| Exercise Access | 76.8% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 743 |
Elm Springs has a violent crime rate of 132 per 100,000 residents, 65% below the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 1,192 per 100,000, 39% below the U.S. average. The county recorded 25 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Elm Springs receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Elm Springs vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 132.5/100K |
| 65% below US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 1,192.1/100K |
| 39% below US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 25 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Elm Springs enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 59°F (15°C). Winters average 37°F in January while summers reach 79°F in July. The area gets 305 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 45.4 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 43. The city sits at an elevation of 1,160 feet.
Temperature
37°F Jan (3°C)
79°F Jul (26°C)
| Annual Average | 58.6°F |
| 9% above US avg |
| January Average | 37°F (3°C) |
| July Average | 79°F (26°C) |
| Sunny Days | 305 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 1,160 ft (354 m) |
| Area | 6.0 sq mi (15.4 km²) |
| Population Density | 504/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 36.2062°N, 94.2379°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Benton County County |
| Nearest Airport | Northwest Arkansas Ntl (XNA) 7 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
45.4"
20% above US avg
Wettest Month (May)
5.08"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 43.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Moderate |
| Risk Score | 88.7 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 17.0 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 43.4 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hurricane |
Very Low |
| Earthquake |
Relatively Low |
| Wildfire |
Relatively Moderate |
| Flood |
Relatively Moderate |
| Hail |
Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively High |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively High |
| Lightning |
Relatively High |
| Ice Storm |
Very High |
| Drought |
Relatively Low |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide |
Relatively Moderate |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
17 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M3.6. Most recent: M2.8 on Mar 23, 2024.
| Jun 11, 2017 |
6 km NNE of Bergman, Arkansas |
M3.6 |
114 km |
| Nov 15, 1990 |
16 km NNW of Hector, Arkansas |
M3.5 |
127 km |
| Jun 27, 2000 |
15 km WSW of Marshall, Arkansas |
M3.4 |
137 km |
| Jun 16, 2017 |
6 km N of Bergman, Arkansas |
M2.9 |
113 km |
| Mar 23, 2024 |
9 km SE of Foyil, Oklahoma |
M2.8 |
111 km |
| Jul 28, 2016 |
4 km ENE of Dover, Arkansas |
M2.8 |
136 km |
| Apr 3, 2016 |
Arkansas-Oklahoma border region |
M2.7 |
88 km |
| Jan 14, 2016 |
7 km W of Talala, Oklahoma |
M2.7 |
143 km |
| Sep 5, 2013 |
17 km W of Dennard, Arkansas |
M2.7 |
147 km |
| Jul 3, 2014 |
6 km S of Yellville, Arkansas |
M2.7 |
140 km |
| Mar 10, 1990 |
16 km NNW of Hector, Arkansas |
M2.6 |
126 km |
| May 21, 2010 |
2 km SW of Centerton, Arkansas |
M2.6 |
17 km |
| Jun 21, 2017 |
6 km N of Bergman, Arkansas |
M2.5 |
113 km |
| May 13, 2015 |
8 km E of Lead Hill, Arkansas |
M2.5 |
130 km |
| Jan 4, 2024 |
13 km E of South Lead Hill, Arkansas |
M2.5 |
135 km |
| Aug 11, 2011 |
11 km WSW of Jasper, Arkansas |
M2.5 |
87 km |
| Apr 29, 2010 |
3 km SW of Centerton, Arkansas |
M2.5 |
16 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Tornado History
608 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF5. Total: 207 fatalities, 1,915 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| May 22, 2011 |
EF5 |
99 km |
158 |
| Apr 24, 1975 |
EF4 |
76 km |
3 |
| May 5, 1960 |
EF4 |
96 km |
5 |
| Jan 22, 1957 |
EF4 |
98 km |
10 |
| Apr 3, 1956 |
EF4 |
91 km |
0 |
| May 25, 2024 |
EF3 |
36 km |
0 |
| Mar 30, 2022 |
EF3 |
12 km |
0 |
| May 22, 2011 |
EF3 |
66 km |
0 |
| Dec 31, 2010 |
EF3 |
38 km |
4 |
| Mar 12, 2006 |
EF3 |
37 km |
0 |
| Mar 12, 2006 |
EF3 |
95 km |
1 |
| Mar 12, 2006 |
EF3 |
78 km |
0 |
| May 4, 2003 |
EF3 |
79 km |
7 |
| Jun 1, 1999 |
EF3 |
95 km |
2 |
| May 4, 1999 |
EF3 |
76 km |
0 |
| Apr 21, 1996 |
EF3 |
94 km |
2 |
| Apr 21, 1996 |
EF3 |
64 km |
2 |
| Nov 22, 1983 |
EF3 |
61 km |
0 |
| Dec 2, 1982 |
EF3 |
81 km |
0 |
| Apr 19, 1981 |
EF3 |
84 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: UNNAMED (18,089 ac, 2007).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2007 |
UNNAMED |
18,089 |
99 km |
| 2007 |
UNNAMED |
14,774 |
64 km |
| 2017 |
MIDDLE RIDGE |
8,501 |
78 km |
| 2016 |
UNNAMED |
7,919 |
70 km |
| 2013 |
UNNAMED |
7,804 |
70 km |
| 2003 |
UNNAMED |
7,415 |
62 km |
| 2019 |
UNNAMED |
7,344 |
70 km |
| 2007 |
UNNAMED |
6,657 |
77 km |
| 2017 |
HILLTOP |
6,523 |
99 km |
| 2010 |
SPUD ROCK CENTRAL |
6,117 |
61 km |
| 2009 |
TELAMAY HOLLOW |
5,686 |
57 km |
| 2006 |
UNNAMED |
5,537 |
66 km |
| 2017 |
PERSIMMON RIDGE |
5,333 |
98 km |
| 2009 |
SAWMILL HOLLOW |
5,166 |
55 km |
| 2005 |
UNNAMED |
4,900 |
99 km |
| 2011 |
GRUBER |
4,831 |
100 km |
| 2017 |
UNNAMED |
4,818 |
68 km |
| 2006 |
UNNAMED |
4,724 |
95 km |
| 2010 |
SARAH HOLLOW RX |
4,700 |
81 km |
| 1992 |
UNNAMED |
4,546 |
46 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
37°F (3°C) |
2.1 in |
Coldest, Driest |
| February |
39°F (4°C) |
2.4 in |
|
| March |
48°F (9°C) |
4.1 in |
|
| April |
57°F (14°C) |
4.4 in |
|
| May |
65°F (19°C) |
5.1 in |
Wettest |
| June |
73°F (23°C) |
4.8 in |
|
| July |
79°F (26°C) |
3.2 in |
Warmest |
| August |
78°F (25°C) |
3.4 in |
|
| September |
70°F (21°C) |
4.9 in |
|
| October |
59°F (15°C) |
3.9 in |
|
| November |
47°F (8°C) |
4.5 in |
|
| December |
38°F (3°C) |
3.2 in |
|
Elm Springs has a seasonal temperature swing of 42°F / from 37°F in January to 79°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 45.8 inches, with May being the wettest month (5.1") and January the driest (2.1").
Average costs for common services in Elm Springs. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$217 ($130–$348) |
| Specialist Visit |
$304 ($174–$478) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$174 ($87–$304) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$1,912 ($695–$4,345) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$113 ($65–$174) |
| Dental Filling |
$217 ($130–$348) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$39 ($22–$65) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$65 ($43–$104) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$261 ($130–$435) |
| Tire Rotation |
$35 ($17–$65) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$521 ($348–$869) |
| Battery Replacement |
$174 ($87–$304) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$87 ($52–$130) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$78 ($43–$122) |
| HVAC Repair |
$348 ($130–$695) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,083 ($3,476–$10,428) |
| Roof Repair |
$869 ($348–$1,738) |
| Roof Replacement |
$7,821 ($4,780–$13,035) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,304 ($435–$3,042) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$13,035 ($4,345–$26,070) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,345 ($1,738–$8,690) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,304 ($695–$2,607) |
| Will Preparation |
$435 ($174–$869) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,173 ($869–$4,345) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$22 ($13–$39) |
| Women's Haircut |
$48 ($26–$87) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$130 ($65–$217) |
| Manicure |
$22 ($13–$39) |
| Pedicure |
$35 ($22–$56) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$70 ($43–$113) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.56 ($2.61–$4.78) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.04 ($2.17–$4.35) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.30 ($2.17–$4.78) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$3.91 ($2.61–$5.65) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$4.78 ($3.48–$6.52) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.87 ($0.52–$1.56) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$122 ($70–$217) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$61 ($26–$130) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$61 ($35–$104) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$61 ($35–$87) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$56 ($26–$87) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$74 ($43–$130) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$174 ($65–$435) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,738 ($1,043–$3,042) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$61 ($26–$113) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$13 ($6.95–$22) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$87 ($26–$217) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$26 ($13–$65) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,043 ($521–$2,173) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$869 ($435–$1,738) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$348 ($174–$608) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$43 ($22–$87) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$869 ($348–$2,173) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$10,863 ($4,345–$26,070) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$52 ($26–$87) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$87 ($43–$174) |
| Dog Grooming |
$52 ($26–$87) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$35 ($17–$65) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$261 ($130–$435) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$174 ($87–$348) |
View all 9 services
Frequently Asked Questions About Elm Springs
What is the population of Elm Springs?
Elm Springs has a population of 3,000 residents and is located in Arkansas. The population density is 504 people per square mile, spread across 6.0 square miles. The median age of residents is 43.0 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 45.8% female and 54.2% male.
Is Elm Springs expensive to live in?
Elm Springs is more affordable than the national average, with a cost of living index of 86.9 / below the baseline of 100. The median household income is $112,917, 50% above the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $362,400 (29% above the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $908 per month, below the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 3.2x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Elm Springs safe?
Elm Springs is considered a very safe city with a violent crime rate of 132 per 100,000 residents, well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 1,192 per 100,000 (below the national average). Overall, Elm Springs receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Elm Springs?
Elm Springs enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 59°F (15°C). Winter temperatures average 37°F in January, while summers reach an average of 79°F in July. The area receives 305 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 45.4 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 43.
How is the job market in Elm Springs?
The job market in Elm Springs is very strong, with unemployment at just 0.6% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $1,576. There are 8,444 business establishments in the area, including 586 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 19 minutes, and 12.5% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Elm Springs?
The median home value in Elm Springs is $362,400. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $620,969. For renters, the median monthly rent is $908. Fair market rent is $751 for a 1-bedroom and $944 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 94.3%. The average annual property tax is $4,666.
How are the schools in Elm Springs?
Schools in Elm Springs score 6.2 out of 10 on standardized testing, near the national average. 42.2% of adults in Elm Springs hold a bachelor's degree or higher, above the national average of 33.7%. 91.3% have completed high school. 12.7% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Elm Springs?
The obesity rate in Elm Springs is 34.3% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 11.9% of adults are smokers. 23.6% are physically inactive. 24.5% of residents report depression. 9.4% lack health insurance. 76.8% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:1,678.
What is transportation like in Elm Springs?
The average commute in Elm Springs is 19 minutes, shorter than the national average of 28 minutes. 80% of workers drive alone to work, and 12.5% work from home.
What are the demographics of Elm Springs?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Elm Springs is 82.1% White, 3.8% Hispanic or Latino. 88.6% of residents speak only English at home, while 11.4% speak Spanish. 6.2% of the population are military veterans. 10.0% of residents have a disability. 92.8% have health insurance coverage.