Median Income
$57,684
23% lower than US avg
Home Value
$121,700
57% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
0/100K
100% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
11.9%
65% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
38.7%
21% higher than US avg
Unemployment
1.2%
67% lower than US avg
Poverty Rate
11.5%
7% lower than US avg
How Martin Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population674
Median Age46.0 yrs
Density58/mi²
Male / Female57% / 43%
Largest GroupWhite 90%
Veterans6.3%
Economy
B+
Median Income$57,684
Per Capita$21,581
Unemployment1.2%
Poverty11.5%
County GDP$990M
Commute29 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$121,700
Ownership91.8%
Zillow$124,489
Housing Units256
Rent Burden29.2%
Crime
Violent0/100K
Property0/100K
Health
Obesity38.7%
Uninsured10.0%
Smoking23.0%
Depression31.9%
Heart Disease7.3%
Climate
Avg Temp64°F (18°C)
AQI42 (Good)
Rain56.7 in/yr
Sunny Days304/yr
Elevation206 ft (63 m)
Education
D
Bachelor's+11.9%
High School+66.0%
Graduate+6.1%
School Score3.38
Community
2024 VoteR 63% / D 35%
Commute29 min
Broadband83.6%
EV Stations4
Libraries1
Is Martin a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Martin receives an overall livability score of 3.6 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B+. Key strengths include low unemployment, low crime rates, affordable housing, abundant sunshine. Areas to be aware of include below-average incomes, high obesity rates. Martin offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Martin is $57,684, 23% below the national average of $75,149. The job market is very strong with unemployment at just 1.2%. 11.5% of residents live in poverty, near the national average of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 29 minutes.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Martin is $121,700, 57% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. At just 2.1x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
Martin is a very safe community with a violent crime rate of 0 per 100,000 residents / well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 0 per 100,000, 100% below the national average.
Education
11.9% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 66.0% have completed high school. School test scores average 3.4/10, below typical benchmarks.
Climate & Weather
Martin enjoys a moderate climate with an average annual temperature of 64°F. Winters average 46°F in January while summers reach 81°F in July. With 304 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 56.7 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 42.
Martin has a population of 674 with a density of 58 people per square mile, spread across 4.5 square miles. The median age is 46.0 years, 18% older than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 43.2% female and 56.8% male. The city is predominantly White (89.8%), with 8% Black. English is the primary language spoken at home by 100% of residents. 6.3% of the population are veterans. 33.0% of residents have a disability (above the 13.0% national average). 97.2% have health insurance coverage.
Population
46.0yrs
Median Age
18% above US avg
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
100.0%
27% above US avg
Spanish
0.0%
100% below US avg
The median household income in Martin is $57,684, which is 23% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $21,581 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $940, 34% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 1.2% (below the 3.6% US average). 11.5% of residents live below the poverty line. The area has 196 business establishments, including 12 restaurants. The cost of living index is 88.2, below the national baseline of 100 / offering relatively affordable living. Workers commute an average of 29 minutes. 0.0% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income
| Median HH Income | $57,684 |
| 23% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $21,581 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $940 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $79,573 |
| Gini Index | 0.455 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 1.2% |
| 67% below US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 11.5% |
| 7% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 196 |
| County GDP | $990M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 12 |
| Healthcare | 13 |
| Retail | 19 |
| Manufacturing | 5 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $2,033 |
| 42% below US avg |
| Cost of Living | 88.20 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 1.67% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 29.0 min |
| Drive Alone | 97.4% |
| Public Transit | 0.0% |
| Work from Home | 0.0% |
The median home value in Martin is $121,700, 57% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $124,489. Fair market rent ranges from $832 for a one-bedroom to $1,007 for a two-bedroom apartment. 91.8% of housing units are owner-occupied (above the 65.4% national rate). There are 256 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1981. The average annual property tax is $2,033 (lower than the $3,500 national average). 29.2% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.1x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $121,700 |
| 57% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $124,489 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
Rental Costs
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $763 |
| 1 Bedroom | $832 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,007 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,298 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $1,508 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 91.8% |
| Owner-Occupied | 91.8% |
| Renter-Occupied | 8.2% |
| Housing Units | 256 |
| Median Year Built | 1981 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $2,033 |
| 42% below US avg |
| Effective Rate | 1.67% |
In Martin, 38.7% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 12.7% have diabetes (above the 10.5% national rate). Heart disease affects 7.3% of residents, above the national average. 37.8% have high blood pressure. 23.0% are current smokers (above the 14.0% national rate). 19.1% report binge drinking. 33.5% are physically inactive, above the national average. 31.9% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 23.2% experience frequent mental distress. 10.0% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,521. The dentist ratio is 1:3,710. 52.4% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 7.4 out of 10.
Health Metrics: Martin vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 38.7% |
| 21% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 12.7% |
| Heart Disease | 7.3% |
| High Blood Pressure | 37.8% |
| Asthma | 10.8% |
| COPD | 10.0% |
| Cancer | 7.2% |
| Stroke | 3.9% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 23.0% |
| 64% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 19.1% |
| Physical Inactivity | 33.5% |
| Depression | 31.9% |
| Mental Distress | 23.2% |
| Physical Distress | 17.2% |
| Short Sleep | 40.2% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 97.2% |
| Uninsured | 10.0% |
| 16% above US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:2,521 |
| Dentists | 1:3,710 |
| Mental Health | 1:1,051 |
| Checkup Rate | 77.8% |
| Dental Visits | 56.2% |
| Premature Death | 12,457/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 7.4/10 |
| Exercise Access | 52.4% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 13 |
Martin has a violent crime rate of 0 per 100,000 residents, 100% below the national average of 380. Property crime stands at 0 per 100,000, 100% below the U.S. average. The county recorded 1 fatal traffic crashes.
Crime Rates: Martin vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 0.0/100K |
| 100% below US avg |
| |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 0.0/100K |
| 100% below US avg |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 1 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 0.0 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
Martin enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 64°F (18°C). Winters average 46°F in January while summers reach 81°F in July. The area gets 304 sunny days per year, well above the U.S. average of 205 / making it one of the sunnier locations in the country. Annual precipitation totals 56.7 inches (wetter than the 38-inch national average). Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 42. The city sits at an elevation of 206 feet.
Temperature
46°F Jan (8°C)
81°F Jul (27°C)
| Annual Average | 64.4°F |
| 19% above US avg |
| January Average | 46°F (8°C) |
| July Average | 81°F (27°C) |
| Sunny Days | 304 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 206 ft (63 m) |
| Area | 4.5 sq mi (11.6 km²) |
| Population Density | 58/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 32.0999°N, 93.2191°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | Red River Parish County |
| Nearest Airport | Shreveport Regional (SHV) 43 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
56.7"
49% above US avg
Wettest Month (May)
5.63"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 42.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Very Low |
| Risk Score | 16.7 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 96.8 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 51.2 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Low |
| Hurricane |
Relatively Low |
| Earthquake |
Very Low |
| Wildfire |
Very Low |
| Flood |
Very Low |
| Hail |
Relatively Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Moderate |
| Heat Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Winter Weather |
Very Low |
| Lightning |
Relatively Low |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Moderate |
| Drought |
Relatively Low |
| Cold Wave |
Very Low |
| Landslide |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
40 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M4.8. Most recent: M3.2 on Aug 22, 2025.
| May 17, 2012 |
3 km NE of Timpson, Texas |
M4.8 |
110 km |
| Sep 2, 2013 |
3 km WNW of Timpson, Texas |
M4.3 |
116 km |
| Sep 2, 2013 |
14 km WNW of Timpson, Texas |
M4.2 |
124 km |
| Jan 25, 2013 |
11 km SE of Timpson, Texas |
M4.1 |
106 km |
| May 10, 2012 |
9 km NW of Timpson, Texas |
M3.9 |
118 km |
| Jan 27, 2024 |
4 km SSW of Hall Summit, Louisiana |
M3.6 |
11 km |
| Jan 18, 2025 |
0 km WSW of Mooringsport, Louisiana |
M3.5 |
96 km |
| Jan 20, 2019 |
7 km SSW of San Augustine, Texas |
M3.3 |
111 km |
| Apr 16, 2021 |
8 km WNW of Blanchard, Louisiana |
M3.2 |
91 km |
| Jun 10, 1994 |
4 km E of Junction City, Arkansas |
M3.2 |
114 km |
| Aug 22, 2025 |
5 km WSW of Huxley, Texas |
M3.2 |
78 km |
| Apr 1, 2021 |
7 km W of Blanchard, Louisiana |
M3.0 |
89 km |
| Aug 21, 2025 |
8 km W of Huxley, Texas |
M3.0 |
80 km |
| Apr 2, 2024 |
5 km WSW of Chireno, Texas |
M3.0 |
132 km |
| Mar 3, 2001 |
2 km SSE of El Dorado, Arkansas |
M3.0 |
132 km |
| Jan 6, 2025 |
4 km ESE of Mooringsport, Louisiana |
M3.0 |
91 km |
| May 16, 2007 |
5 km SW of Calion, Arkansas |
M3.0 |
146 km |
| May 31, 2013 |
7 km SE of Timpson, Texas |
M2.9 |
108 km |
| Jan 29, 2013 |
4 km S of Timpson, Texas |
M2.8 |
113 km |
| Dec 7, 2012 |
3 km S of Timpson, Texas |
M2.8 |
114 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Hurricane History
13 hurricanes (Cat 1+) within 500 km since 1980.
Strongest: Category 4. Most recent: Ida (2021, Cat 1).
| Year |
Name |
Category |
Closest |
| 2021 |
Ida |
Category 4 |
284 km |
| 2020 |
Laura |
Category 4 |
16 km |
| 2020 |
Delta |
Category 2 |
224 km |
| 2019 |
Barry |
Category 1 |
295 km |
| 2008 |
Gustav |
Category 2 |
236 km |
| 2008 |
Ike |
Category 2 |
232 km |
| 2007 |
Humberto |
Category 1 |
203 km |
| 2005 |
Rita |
Category 3 |
197 km |
| 2002 |
Lili |
Category 1 |
249 km |
| 1992 |
Andrew |
Category 3 |
229 km |
| 1989 |
Chantal |
Category 1 |
300 km |
| 1986 |
Bonnie |
Category 1 |
265 km |
| 1985 |
Danny |
Category 1 |
239 km |
Source: NOAA IBTrACS (Cat 1+, 1980–2026)
Tornado History
611 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF4. Total: 71 fatalities, 1,053 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| Nov 29, 2010 |
EF4 |
52 km |
0 |
| Apr 3, 1999 |
EF4 |
75 km |
7 |
| Dec 3, 1978 |
EF4 |
67 km |
2 |
| Feb 12, 1950 |
EF4 |
75 km |
18 |
| Apr 25, 2019 |
EF3 |
69 km |
2 |
| Jan 20, 2010 |
EF3 |
99 km |
0 |
| Nov 23, 2004 |
EF3 |
95 km |
1 |
| Apr 23, 2000 |
EF3 |
28 km |
0 |
| Apr 23, 2000 |
EF3 |
86 km |
0 |
| Apr 3, 1999 |
EF3 |
78 km |
0 |
| Apr 3, 1999 |
EF3 |
57 km |
0 |
| Apr 3, 1999 |
EF3 |
87 km |
0 |
| Nov 3, 1992 |
EF3 |
41 km |
0 |
| Nov 15, 1987 |
EF3 |
94 km |
1 |
| May 2, 1984 |
EF3 |
78 km |
0 |
| Nov 19, 1983 |
EF3 |
98 km |
0 |
| May 19, 1983 |
EF3 |
90 km |
1 |
| May 19, 1983 |
EF3 |
63 km |
0 |
| May 19, 1983 |
EF3 |
38 km |
0 |
| May 19, 1983 |
EF3 |
38 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
20 wildfires (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: AIRPORT (8,458 ac, 1994).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 1994 |
AIRPORT |
8,458 |
99 km |
| 2021 |
C-43/44 |
5,340 |
74 km |
| 2020 |
UNNAMED |
5,104 |
68 km |
| 2021 |
UNNAMED |
5,057 |
76 km |
| 2022 |
GOOBER HILL SOUTH |
4,845 |
80 km |
| 2022 |
THE 60S |
4,538 |
80 km |
| 2017 |
UNNAMED |
4,498 |
68 km |
| 2013 |
UNNAMED |
4,440 |
69 km |
| 2011 |
TD13 |
4,208 |
12 km |
| 2017 |
UNNAMED |
3,833 |
76 km |
| 2010 |
WRANGLER |
3,693 |
69 km |
| 2024 |
RX CAT C-40-41-42 |
3,635 |
81 km |
| 2020 |
UNNAMED |
3,599 |
64 km |
| 2019 |
C-110/111 |
3,516 |
71 km |
| 2018 |
UNNAMED |
3,431 |
74 km |
| 2016 |
UNNAMED |
3,408 |
35 km |
| 2015 |
UNNAMED |
3,287 |
84 km |
| 2010 |
RX10COMP36-45 |
3,272 |
80 km |
| 2021 |
C15/16 |
3,189 |
67 km |
| 2020 |
GOOBER HILL SOUTH |
3,144 |
80 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
46°F (8°C) |
4.5 in |
Coldest |
| February |
49°F (9°C) |
4.7 in |
|
| March |
57°F (14°C) |
4.6 in |
|
| April |
64°F (18°C) |
3.9 in |
|
| May |
72°F (22°C) |
5.6 in |
Wettest |
| June |
78°F (26°C) |
4.2 in |
|
| July |
81°F (27°C) |
4.0 in |
Warmest |
| August |
81°F (27°C) |
3.0 in |
Driest |
| September |
76°F (24°C) |
3.6 in |
|
| October |
65°F (18°C) |
3.7 in |
|
| November |
55°F (13°C) |
4.3 in |
|
| December |
48°F (9°C) |
5.4 in |
|
Martin has a seasonal temperature swing of 35°F / from 46°F in January to 81°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 51.6 inches, with May being the wettest month (5.6") and August the driest (3.0").
Average costs for common services in Martin. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$221 ($132–$353) |
| Specialist Visit |
$309 ($176–$485) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$176 ($88–$309) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$1,940 ($706–$4,410) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$115 ($66–$176) |
| Dental Filling |
$221 ($132–$353) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$40 ($22–$66) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$66 ($44–$106) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$265 ($132–$441) |
| Tire Rotation |
$35 ($18–$66) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$529 ($353–$882) |
| Battery Replacement |
$176 ($88–$309) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$88 ($53–$132) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$79 ($44–$123) |
| HVAC Repair |
$353 ($132–$706) |
| HVAC System Install |
$6,174 ($3,528–$10,584) |
| Roof Repair |
$882 ($353–$1,764) |
| Roof Replacement |
$7,938 ($4,851–$13,230) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,323 ($441–$3,087) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$13,230 ($4,410–$26,460) |
| DUI Defense |
$4,410 ($1,764–$8,820) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,323 ($706–$2,646) |
| Will Preparation |
$441 ($176–$882) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,205 ($882–$4,410) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$22 ($13–$40) |
| Women's Haircut |
$49 ($26–$88) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$132 ($66–$221) |
| Manicure |
$22 ($13–$40) |
| Pedicure |
$35 ($22–$57) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$71 ($44–$115) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$3.62 ($2.65–$4.85) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.09 ($2.21–$4.41) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$3.35 ($2.21–$4.85) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$3.97 ($2.65–$5.73) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$4.85 ($3.53–$6.62) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$0.88 ($0.53–$1.59) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$123 ($71–$221) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$62 ($26–$132) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$62 ($35–$106) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$62 ($35–$88) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$57 ($26–$88) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$75 ($44–$132) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$176 ($66–$441) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$1,764 ($1,058–$3,087) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$62 ($26–$115) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$13 ($7.06–$22) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$88 ($26–$221) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$26 ($13–$66) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,058 ($529–$2,205) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$882 ($441–$1,764) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$353 ($176–$617) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$44 ($22–$88) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$882 ($353–$2,205) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$11,025 ($4,410–$26,460) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$53 ($26–$88) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$88 ($44–$176) |
| Dog Grooming |
$53 ($26–$88) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$35 ($18–$66) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$265 ($132–$441) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$176 ($88–$353) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $570 |
| Toddler | $570 |
| Preschool | $574 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $449 |
| Toddler | $449 |
| Preschool | $453 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Martin
What is the population of Martin?
Martin has a population of 674 residents and is located in Louisiana. The population density is 58 people per square mile, spread across 4.5 square miles. The median age of residents is 46.0 years, which is older than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 43.2% female and 56.8% male.
Is Martin expensive to live in?
Martin is more affordable than the national average, with a cost of living index of 88.2 / below the baseline of 100. The median household income is $57,684, 23% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $121,700 (57% below the U.S. median). The home price-to-income ratio is 2.1x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Martin safe?
Martin is considered a very safe city with a violent crime rate of 0 per 100,000 residents, well below the national average of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 0 per 100,000 (below the national average).
What is the weather like in Martin?
Martin enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 64°F (18°C). Winter temperatures average 46°F in January, while summers reach an average of 81°F in July. The area receives 304 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 56.7 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 42.
How is the job market in Martin?
The job market in Martin is very strong, with unemployment at just 1.2% / well below the national rate of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $940. There are 196 business establishments in the area, including 12 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 29 minutes, and 0.0% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Martin?
The median home value in Martin is $121,700. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $124,489. The homeownership rate is 91.8%. The average annual property tax is $2,033.
How are the schools in Martin?
Schools in Martin have an average test score of 3.4 out of 10, below typical national benchmarks. Families may want to research individual school ratings. 11.9% of adults in Martin hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 66.0% have completed high school. 6.1% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Martin?
The obesity rate in Martin is 38.7% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 23.0% of adults are smokers. 33.5% are physically inactive. 31.9% of residents report depression. 10.0% lack health insurance (above the national rate). 52.4% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,521.
What is transportation like in Martin?
The average commute in Martin is 29 minutes. 97.4% of workers drive alone to work, and 0.0% work from home.
What are the demographics of Martin?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Martin is 89.8% White, 8% Black or African American. 100% of residents speak only English at home. 6.3% of the population are military veterans. 33.0% of residents have a disability. 97.2% have health insurance coverage.