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Columbia, PA
Full City Profile · Pennsylvania · Lancaster County County
3.0
/5.0
B
Good
10,217
Population
4,239/sq mi density
$52,271
Median Income
$32,827 per capita
$174,200
Home Value
$286,576 Zillow
$1,064
Median Rent
36.0% income on rent
51°F
Avg Temperature
275 sunny days/yr
154
Violent Crime/100K
2,197 property/100K
B
Overall
3.0 / 5.0
Good overall score based on economy, affordability, safety and education
B+
Economy
3.7 / 5.0
$52,271 median income, 2.3% unemployment
A+
Affordability
4.8 / 5.0
$174,200 home value, $1,064/mo rent
F
Safety
1.0 / 5.0
154 violent crimes/100K
C
Education
2.4 / 5.0
17.2% bachelor's degree or higher
Columbia experiences four distinct seasons with an average annual temperature of 51°F (11°C). Winters average 28°F in January while summers reach 73°F in July. The area gets 275 sunny days per year. Annual precipitation totals 45.2 inches. The area receives 23.2 inches of snow annually. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 40.
Temperature
28°F Jan (-2°C)
73°F Jul (23°C)
| Annual Average | 51.2°F |
| 5% below US avg | |
| January Average | 28°F (-2°C) |
| July Average | 73°F (23°C) |
| Sunny Days | 275 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 347 ft (106 m) |
| Area | 0.9 sq mi (2.4 km²) |
| Population Density | 4,239/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 40.0349°N, 76.4959°W |
| Timezone | America/New_York |
| County | Lancaster County County |
| Nearest Airport | Harrisburg International (MDT) 18 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 40.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
| Ozone (O₃) | 0.0450 ppm |
| PM2.5 (Fine Particles) | 11.7 μg/m³ |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively High |
| Risk Score | 95.0 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 43.5 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 70.1 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado | Relatively Moderate |
| Hurricane | Relatively High |
| Earthquake | Relatively Moderate |
| Wildfire | Very Low |
| Flood | Relatively High |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind | Relatively High |
| Heat Wave | Relatively Moderate |
| Winter Weather | Very High |
| Lightning | Relatively High |
| Ice Storm | Relatively Moderate |
| Drought | Relatively Moderate |
| Cold Wave | Relatively High |
| Landslide | Relatively Low |
| Avalanche | Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Tsunami History
1 tsunami recorded within 500 km.
| Year | Location | Cause | Max Wave | Deaths | Distance |
| 1840 | PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA | Earthquake | — | — | 114 km |
Source: NOAA/NCEI Historical Tsunami Database. Sorted by wave height.
Monthly Weather
| Month | Avg Temperature | Precipitation | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 28°F (-2°C) | 3.0 in | Coldest |
| February | 31°F (-0°C) | 2.4 in | Driest |
| March | 40°F (5°C) | 3.1 in | |
| April | 51°F (10°C) | 3.5 in | |
| May | 61°F (16°C) | 4.0 in | |
| June | 70°F (21°C) | 4.1 in | |
| July | 73°F (23°C) | 4.5 in | Wettest |
| August | 73°F (23°C) | 3.5 in | Warmest |
| September | 66°F (19°C) | 3.5 in | |
| October | 55°F (13°C) | 3.0 in | |
| November | 44°F (7°C) | 3.5 in | |
| December | 35°F (2°C) | 3.2 in |
Columbia has a seasonal temperature swing of 45°F / from 28°F in January to 73°F in August. Total annual precipitation is 41.2 inches, with July being the wettest month (4.5") and February the driest (2.4").