Median Income
$55,368
26% lower than US avg
Home Value
$143,800
49% lower than US avg
Violent Crime
295/100K
22% lower than US avg
Bachelor's+
26.1%
23% lower than US avg
Median Rent
$893
23% lower than US avg
Obesity Rate
35.2%
10% higher than US avg
Unemployment
4.4%
22% higher than US avg
Poverty Rate
10.0%
19% lower than US avg
How Cortland Compares to the U.S. Average (100% = U.S. avg)
People
Population17,465
Median Age27.2 yrs
Density4,490/mi²
Male / Female47% / 53%
Largest GroupWhite 87%
Veterans4.3%
Economy
B+
Median Income$55,368
Per Capita$27,328
Unemployment4.4%
Poverty10.0%
County GDP$2,372M
Commute16 min
Housing
A+
Home Value$143,800
Rent$893
Ownership44.6%
Zillow$194,617
Housing Units7,850
Rent Burden30.5%
Crime
F
Violent295/100K
Property1,742/100K
Murder0.0/100K
Assault118/100K
Burglary413/100K
Health
Obesity35.2%
Uninsured7.4%
Smoking17.6%
Depression24.1%
Heart Disease6.5%
Climate
Avg Temp45°F (7°C)
AQI36 (Good)
Rain39.5 in/yr
Sunny Days260/yr
Elevation1,122 ft (342 m)
Education
B
Bachelor's+26.1%
High School+89.2%
Graduate+12.0%
School Score4.92
Community
2024 VoteR 53% / D 47%
Commute16 min
Broadband84.4%
EV Stations19
Libraries5
Is Cortland a Good Place to Live?
Based on current data, Cortland receives an overall livability score of 3.1 out of 5.0, earning a grade of B. Key strengths include low crime rates, affordable housing, abundant sunshine, high health insurance coverage. Areas to be aware of include below-average incomes. Cortland offers a solid quality of life with a good balance of affordability, safety, and opportunity.
Economy & Jobs
The median household income in Cortland is $55,368, 26% below the national average of $75,149. Unemployment stands at 4.4%, indicating a healthy job market. 10.0% of residents live in poverty, near the national average of 12.4%. Workers commute an average of 16 minutes, shorter than most U.S. cities.
Cost of Living & Housing
The median home value in Cortland is $143,800, 49% below the national median / offering relatively affordable homeownership. Renters pay a median of $893 per month, below the national average / a plus for affordability. At just 2.6x median income, home prices are very affordable relative to local earnings.
Safety & Crime
Violent crime in Cortland is below the national average at 295 per 100,000 residents (U.S. avg: 380). Property crime occurs at a rate of 1,742 per 100,000, near the national average.
Education
26.1% of residents hold a bachelor's degree, below the national average of 33.7%. 89.2% have completed high school. Area schools have an average test score of 4.9/10.
Climate & Weather
Cortland has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 45°F. Winters average 21°F in January while summers reach 68°F in July. With 260 sunny days per year, residents enjoy well above the national average of sunshine. Annual precipitation totals 39.5 inches, including 64.4 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 36.
Cortland has a population of 17,465 with a density of 4,490 people per square mile, spread across 3.9 square miles. The median age is 27.2 years, 30% younger than the national median of 38.9. The gender split is 52.8% female and 47.2% male. The city is predominantly White (87.3%), with 1.1% Hispanic, 4.2% Black. English is the primary language spoken at home by 94.5% of residents, while 5.5% speak Spanish. 4.3% of the population are veterans, below the national rate of 6.0%. 14.5% of residents have a disability. 96.0% have health insurance coverage.
Population
27.2yrs
Median Age
30% below US avg
Language Spoken at Home
English Only
94.5%
20% above US avg
Spanish
5.5%
59% below US avg
The median household income in Cortland is $55,368, which is 26% below the national average of $75,149. Per capita income is $27,328 (below the $39,052 national figure). The average weekly wage is $1,073, 25% lower than the U.S. average. The unemployment rate is 4.4% (above the 3.6% US average). 10.0% of residents live below the poverty line, lower than the national rate of 12.4%. The area has 1,115 business establishments, including 125 restaurants. The cost of living index is 107.9, slightly above the national baseline of 100. Workers commute an average of 16 minutes (shorter than the 28-minute US average). 6.9% of workers work from home (below the 15.2% national rate).
Income
| Median HH Income | $55,368 |
| 26% below US avg |
| Per Capita Income | $27,328 |
| Avg Weekly Wage | $1,073 |
| IRS Avg AGI | $65,598 |
| Gini Index | 0.405 (0=equal, 1=unequal) |
Employment & Poverty
| Unemployment | 4.4% |
| 22% above US avg |
| Poverty Rate | 10.0% |
| 19% below US avg |
| Establishments (County) | 1,115 |
| County GDP | $2,372M |
Business (County)
| Restaurants | 125 |
| Healthcare | 107 |
| Retail | 162 |
| Manufacturing | 57 |
Tax & Cost of Living
| Property Tax (IRS) | $7,895 |
| 126% above US avg |
| Cost of Living | 107.90 (100=avg) |
| Effective Tax Rate | 5.49% |
Commute & Transportation
| Commute Time | 16.1 min |
| Drive Alone | 64.7% |
| Public Transit | 1.8% |
| Work from Home | 6.9% |
The median home value in Cortland is $143,800, 49% below the national median of $281,900. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $194,617, higher than the Census estimate. Homes sell for 95.4% of their list price, suggesting buyers have room to negotiate. Monthly rent averages $893 (23% below the national average of $1,163). Fair market rent ranges from $960 for a one-bedroom to $1,198 for a two-bedroom apartment. 44.6% of housing units are owner-occupied (below the 65.4% national rate). There are 7,850 total housing units in the city. The median year a home was built is 1943. The average annual property tax is $7,895 (higher than the $3,500 national average). 30.5% of renters spend 30% or more of their income on housing. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.6x, well within the affordable range.
Home Values
| Census Median | $143,800 |
| 49% below US avg |
| Zillow ZHVI | $194,617 |
| Median List Price | $174,900 |
Real Estate Market (Redfin)
| Median List Price | $174,900 |
| $/Sq Ft | $132 |
| Homes Sold | 3 |
| Sale-to-List Ratio | 95.4% |
| Price Drops | 18.8% |
| Inventory | 32 |
Rental Costs
| Census Median Rent | $893 |
| 23% below US avg |
| Zillow Rent (ZORI) | $1,196 |
| Rent Burden | 30.5% |
HUD Fair Market Rent
| Studio | $954 |
| 1 Bedroom | $960 |
| 2 Bedrooms | $1,198 |
| 3 Bedrooms | $1,510 |
| 4 Bedrooms | $2,010 |
Ownership & Property
| Homeownership | 44.6% |
| Owner-Occupied | 44.6% |
| Renter-Occupied | 55.4% |
| Housing Units | 7,850 |
| Median Year Built | 1943 |
Property Tax
| Avg Tax (IRS) | $7,895 |
| 126% above US avg |
| Effective Rate | 5.49% |
In Cortland, 35.2% of adults are obese, above the national rate of 32.1%. 10.4% have diabetes. Heart disease affects 6.5% of residents. 32.8% have high blood pressure. 17.6% are current smokers (above the 14.0% national rate). 18.3% report binge drinking. 28.2% are physically inactive. 24.1% report depression (above the 20.0% national average). 19.6% experience frequent mental distress. 7.4% of residents lack health insurance. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,724. The dentist ratio is 1:2,883. 81.0% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The food environment index is 8.3 out of 10.
Air Quality (Open-Meteo CAMS — 2026-05-27)
PM2.5
4.5
μg/m³
Fine particulate
PM10
4.8
μg/m³
Coarse particulate
NO₂
4.0
μg/m³
Nitrogen dioxide
SO₂
0.2
μg/m³
Sulphur dioxide
CO
140.0
μg/m³
Carbon monoxide
Health Metrics: Cortland vs U.S. Average (%)
Chronic Conditions
| Obesity | 35.2% |
| 10% above US avg |
| Diabetes | 10.4% |
| Heart Disease | 6.5% |
| High Blood Pressure | 32.8% |
| Asthma | 11.9% |
| COPD | 8.2% |
| Cancer | 7.6% |
| Stroke | 3.5% |
Behaviors & Mental Health
| Smoking | 17.6% |
| 26% above US avg |
| Binge Drinking | 18.3% |
| Physical Inactivity | 28.2% |
| Depression | 24.1% |
| Mental Distress | 19.6% |
| Physical Distress | 15.0% |
| Short Sleep | 40.6% |
Healthcare Access
| Insurance Rate | 96.0% |
| Uninsured | 7.4% |
| 14% below US avg |
| Primary Care | 1:2,724 |
| Dentists | 1:2,883 |
| Mental Health | 1:233 |
| Checkup Rate | 78.2% |
| Dental Visits | 58.1% |
| Premature Death | 8,256/100K |
Food & Exercise
| Food Environment | 8.3/10 |
| Exercise Access | 81.0% |
| Healthcare Facilities | 107 |
Cortland has a violent crime rate of 295 per 100,000 residents, 22% below the national average of 380. This breaks down to aggravated assault at 117.9 per 100,000, robbery at 32.2, rape at 144.7. The murder rate is 0.0 per 100,000 (below the national rate of 6.3). Property crime stands at 1,742 per 100,000, 11% below the U.S. average. This includes larceny/theft at 1,319, burglary at 413, vehicle theft at 11 per 100,000 residents. The county recorded 7 fatal traffic crashes. Overall, Cortland receives a safety grade of F.
Crime Rates: Cortland vs U.S. Average (per 100,000)
Violent Crime
| Total Violent | 294.8/100K |
| 22% below US avg |
| Murder | 0.0/100K |
| 100% below US avg |
| Rape | 144.7/100K |
| Robbery | 32.2/100K |
| Assault | 117.9/100K |
Property Crime
| Total Property | 1,742.2/100K |
| 11% below US avg |
| Burglary | 412.8/100K |
| Theft | 1,318.7/100K |
| Vehicle Theft | 10.7/100K |
| Arson | 5.4/100K |
Traffic Safety
| Fatal Crashes (County/yr) | 7 |
| Traffic Accidents | 70 |
| Avg Accident Severity | 2.7 / 4.0 |
Safety Score
| Safety Grade | F |
| Safety Score | 1.0 / 5.0 |
Cortland has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 45°F (7°C). Winters average 21°F in January while summers reach 68°F in July. The area gets 260 sunny days per year, above the national average. Annual precipitation totals 39.5 inches. The area receives 64.4 inches of snow annually, making winter weather a significant factor for residents. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 36. The city sits at an elevation of 1,122 feet.
Temperature
21°F Jan (-6°C)
68°F Jul (20°C)
| Annual Average | 45.2°F |
| 16% below US avg |
| January Average | 21°F (-6°C) |
| July Average | 68°F (20°C) |
| Sunny Days | 260 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 1,122 ft (342 m) |
| Area | 3.9 sq mi (10.1 km²) |
| Population Density | 4,490/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 42.6009°N, 76.1791°W |
| Timezone | America/New_York |
| County | Cortland County County |
| Nearest Airport | Ithaca Tompkins International (ITH) 16 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Annual Rainfall
39.5"
4% above US avg
Wettest Month (Sep)
4.09"
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 36.0 |
| Rating | Good |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively Low |
| Risk Score | 51.2 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 37.2 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 86.7 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado |
Relatively Low |
| Hurricane |
Relatively Low |
| Earthquake |
Very Low |
| Wildfire |
Very Low |
| Flood |
Relatively Low |
| Hail |
Very Low |
| Strong Wind |
Relatively Low |
| Heat Wave |
Very Low |
| Winter Weather |
Relatively Low |
| Lightning |
Relatively Low |
| Ice Storm |
Relatively Low |
| Drought |
No Rating |
| Cold Wave |
Relatively Low |
| Landslide |
Relatively Low |
| Avalanche |
Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Earthquake History
10 earthquakes (M2.5+) within 150 km since 1990.
Strongest: M4.0. Most recent: M2.8 on Jun 10, 2025.
| Jun 17, 1991 |
7 km NE of Worcester, New York |
M4.0 |
123 km |
| Apr 23, 2023 |
New York |
M3.6 |
141 km |
| Jun 29, 2024 |
14 km W of Ellisburg, New York |
M3.3 |
125 km |
| Feb 3, 2001 |
6 km W of Bath, New York |
M3.2 |
104 km |
| Jul 31, 1997 |
0 km WSW of Lyons Falls, New York |
M3.2 |
131 km |
| Jun 10, 2025 |
10 km NW of Forksville, Pennsylvania |
M2.8 |
122 km |
| Feb 27, 2008 |
2 km SW of Central Bridge, New York |
M2.7 |
149 km |
| Apr 14, 2023 |
1 km W of Adams Center, New York |
M2.6 |
141 km |
| Apr 11, 2007 |
6 km NNE of Sodus Point, New York |
M2.6 |
103 km |
| Jan 25, 1999 |
New York |
M2.5 |
137 km |
Source: USGS (M2.5+, 1990–2025)
Hurricane History
1 hurricane (Cat 1+) within 500 km since 1980.
Strongest: Category 1. Most recent: Gloria (1985, Cat 1).
| Year |
Name |
Category |
Closest |
| 1985 |
Gloria |
Category 1 |
289 km |
Source: NOAA IBTrACS (Cat 1+, 1980–2026)
Tornado History
160 tornadoes (EF0+) within 100 km since 1950.
Strongest: EF3. Total: 10 fatalities, 57 injuries.
| Date |
Rating |
Distance |
Fatalities |
| May 31, 1998 |
EF3 |
59 km |
0 |
| May 31, 1998 |
EF3 |
89 km |
0 |
| May 2, 1983 |
EF3 |
73 km |
0 |
| May 2, 1983 |
EF3 |
71 km |
0 |
| May 2, 1983 |
EF3 |
76 km |
0 |
| May 2, 1983 |
EF3 |
73 km |
1 |
| Jun 2, 1969 |
EF3 |
61 km |
0 |
| Aug 30, 1955 |
EF3 |
68 km |
0 |
| Jul 16, 2024 |
EF2 |
88 km |
0 |
| Jul 8, 2014 |
EF2 |
62 km |
4 |
| Aug 21, 2011 |
EF2 |
72 km |
0 |
| Apr 28, 2011 |
EF2 |
34 km |
0 |
| Apr 27, 2011 |
EF2 |
63 km |
0 |
| May 16, 2009 |
EF2 |
25 km |
0 |
| May 31, 1998 |
EF2 |
47 km |
0 |
| Aug 28, 1990 |
EF2 |
58 km |
0 |
| Jul 23, 1990 |
EF2 |
77 km |
0 |
| Oct 14, 1989 |
EF2 |
35 km |
2 |
| Sep 18, 1977 |
EF2 |
47 km |
0 |
| Jun 16, 1976 |
EF2 |
95 km |
0 |
Source: NOAA SPC (EF0+, 1950–2024)
Wildfire History
1 wildfire (100+ acres) within 100 km.
Largest: DRY MARSH (1,018 ac, 2010).
| Year |
Name |
Acres |
Distance |
| 2010 |
DRY MARSH |
1,018 |
63 km |
Source: NIFC/IRWIN (100+ acres)
Monthly Weather
| Month |
Avg Temperature |
Precipitation |
Summary |
| January |
21°F (-6°C) |
2.6 in |
Coldest |
| February |
22°F (-5°C) |
2.4 in |
Driest |
| March |
32°F (-0°C) |
2.9 in |
|
| April |
43°F (6°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| May |
55°F (13°C) |
3.4 in |
|
| June |
63°F (17°C) |
4.1 in |
|
| July |
68°F (20°C) |
3.6 in |
Warmest |
| August |
66°F (19°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| September |
59°F (15°C) |
4.1 in |
Wettest |
| October |
48°F (9°C) |
3.3 in |
|
| November |
38°F (3°C) |
3.5 in |
|
| December |
27°F (-3°C) |
3.3 in |
|
Cortland has a seasonal temperature swing of 48°F / from 21°F in January to 68°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 39.9 inches, with September being the wettest month (4.1") and February the driest (2.4").
Average costs for common services in Cortland. Prices are estimated based on regional cost of living data and may vary by provider.
Healthcare
| Doctor Visit (Primary Care) |
$270 ($162–$432) |
| Specialist Visit |
$378 ($216–$593) |
| Urgent Care Visit |
$216 ($108–$378) |
| Emergency Room Visit |
$2,374 ($863–$5,395) |
| Dental Cleaning |
$140 ($81–$216) |
| Dental Filling |
$270 ($162–$432) |
View all 40 services
Auto Repair
| Oil Change (Conventional) |
$49 ($27–$81) |
| Oil Change (Synthetic) |
$81 ($54–$129) |
| Brake Pad Replacement |
$324 ($162–$540) |
| Tire Rotation |
$43 ($22–$81) |
| New Tires (Set of 4) |
$647 ($432–$1,079) |
| Battery Replacement |
$216 ($108–$378) |
View all 18 services
Home Services
| Plumber (Per Hour) |
$108 ($65–$162) |
| Electrician (Per Hour) |
$97 ($54–$151) |
| HVAC Repair |
$432 ($162–$863) |
| HVAC System Install |
$7,553 ($4,316–$12,948) |
| Roof Repair |
$1,079 ($432–$2,158) |
| Roof Replacement |
$9,711 ($5,935–$16,185) |
View all 25 services
Legal
| Divorce (Uncontested) |
$1,619 ($540–$3,777) |
| Divorce (Contested) |
$16,185 ($5,395–$32,370) |
| DUI Defense |
$5,395 ($2,158–$10,790) |
| Bankruptcy (Chapter 7) |
$1,619 ($863–$3,237) |
| Will Preparation |
$540 ($216–$1,079) |
| Trust Preparation |
$2,698 ($1,079–$5,395) |
View all 12 services
Personal Care
| Men's Haircut |
$27 ($16–$49) |
| Women's Haircut |
$59 ($32–$108) |
| Hair Coloring (Full) |
$162 ($81–$270) |
| Manicure |
$27 ($16–$49) |
| Pedicure |
$43 ($27–$70) |
| Massage (1 Hour) |
$86 ($54–$140) |
View all 12 services
Food & Grocery
| Gallon of Milk (per gallon) |
$4.42 ($3.24–$5.93) |
| Dozen Eggs (per dozen) |
$3.78 ($2.70–$5.40) |
| Loaf of Bread |
$4.10 ($2.70–$5.93) |
| Chicken Breast (per lb) |
$4.86 ($3.24–$7.01) |
| Ground Beef (per lb) |
$5.93 ($4.32–$8.09) |
| Rice (per lb) |
$1.08 ($0.65–$1.94) |
View all 20 services
Utilities
| Electricity (Monthly) |
$151 ($86–$270) |
| Natural Gas (Monthly) |
$76 ($32–$162) |
| Water/Sewer (Monthly) |
$76 ($43–$129) |
| Internet (Monthly) |
$76 ($43–$108) |
| Cell Phone Plan (Monthly) |
$70 ($32–$108) |
| Cable TV (Monthly) |
$92 ($54–$162) |
View all 8 services
Transportation
| Monthly Parking (Downtown) |
$216 ($81–$540) |
| Car Insurance (Annual) |
$2,158 ($1,295–$3,777) |
| Bus Pass (Monthly) |
$76 ($32–$140) |
| Taxi/Uber (5-Mile Ride) |
$16 ($8.63–$27) |
| Car Registration (Annual) |
$108 ($32–$270) |
| Driver's License Renewal |
$32 ($16–$81) |
View all 8 services
Education & Childcare
| Daycare (Infant, Monthly) |
$1,295 ($647–$2,698) |
| Daycare (Toddler, Monthly) |
$1,079 ($540–$2,158) |
| After-School Care (Monthly) |
$432 ($216–$755) |
| Tutoring (Per Hour) |
$54 ($27–$108) |
| SAT/ACT Prep Course |
$1,079 ($432–$2,698) |
| Private School (K-12, Annual) |
$13,488 ($5,395–$32,370) |
View all 8 services
Pets
| Vet Visit (Routine Checkup) |
$65 ($32–$108) |
| Dog Vaccination (Annual) |
$108 ($54–$216) |
| Dog Grooming |
$65 ($32–$108) |
| Pet Boarding (Per Night) |
$43 ($22–$81) |
| Dog Spay/Neuter |
$324 ($162–$540) |
| Cat Spay/Neuter |
$216 ($108–$432) |
View all 9 services
Childcare
| Center-Based (monthly) |
| Infant | $1,070 |
| Toddler | $996 |
| Preschool | $866 |
| Family Childcare (monthly) |
| Infant | $823 |
| Toddler | $779 |
| Preschool | $758 |
Source: DOL Women's Bureau (2022)
Frequently Asked Questions About Cortland
What is the population of Cortland?
Cortland has a population of 17,465 residents and is located in New York. The population density is 4,490 people per square mile, spread across 3.9 square miles. The median age of residents is 27.2 years, which is younger than the national median of 38.9 years. The population is 52.8% female and 47.2% male.
Is Cortland expensive to live in?
Cortland is slightly more expensive than average, with a cost of living index of 107.9 compared to the national baseline of 100. The median household income is $55,368, 26% below the national average of $75,149. The median home value is $143,800 (49% below the U.S. median). Renters pay a median of $893 per month, below the national average of $1,163. The home price-to-income ratio is 2.6x, indicating housing is reasonably affordable relative to local income levels.
Is Cortland safe?
Cortland is safer than the national average, with a violent crime rate of 295 per 100,000 compared to the U.S. rate of 380. Property crime occurs at a rate of 1,742 per 100,000 (below the national average). Overall, Cortland receives a safety grade of F based on combined crime data.
What is the weather like in Cortland?
Cortland has a cool climate with an average annual temperature of 45°F (7°C). Winter temperatures average 21°F in January, while summers reach an average of 68°F in July. The area receives 260 sunny days per year, well above the national average of 205. Annual rainfall totals 39.5 inches, with 64.4 inches of snow. Air quality is rated Good with a median Air Quality Index (AQI) of 36.
How is the job market in Cortland?
Cortland has a healthy job market with an unemployment rate of 4.4%, near the national average of 3.6%. The average weekly wage is $1,073. There are 1,115 business establishments in the area, including 125 restaurants and food service locations. The average commute time is 16 minutes, and 6.9% of workers work from home.
How much does housing cost in Cortland?
The median home value in Cortland is $143,800. Zillow estimates the typical home value at $194,617. For renters, the median monthly rent is $893. Fair market rent is $960 for a 1-bedroom and $1,198 for a 2-bedroom apartment. The homeownership rate is 44.6%. The average annual property tax is $7,895.
How are the schools in Cortland?
Schools in Cortland have an average test score of 4.9 out of 10, below typical national benchmarks. Families may want to research individual school ratings. 26.1% of adults in Cortland hold a bachelor's degree or higher, below the national average of 33.7%. 89.2% have completed high school. 12.0% hold a graduate or professional degree.
How healthy is Cortland?
The obesity rate in Cortland is 35.2% (above the national rate of 32.1%). 17.6% of adults are smokers. 28.2% are physically inactive. 24.1% of residents report depression. 7.4% lack health insurance. 81.0% of residents have access to exercise opportunities. The primary care physician ratio is 1:2,724.
What is transportation like in Cortland?
The average commute in Cortland is 16 minutes, shorter than the national average of 28 minutes. 64.7% of workers drive alone to work, 1.8% use public transit, and 6.9% work from home.
What are the demographics of Cortland?
The racial and ethnic makeup of Cortland is 87.3% White, 4.2% Black or African American, 1.1% Hispanic or Latino. 94.5% of residents speak only English at home, while 5.5% speak Spanish. 4.3% of the population are military veterans. 14.5% of residents have a disability. 96.0% have health insurance coverage.