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Madison, IL
Full City Profile · Illinois · St. Louis city County
2.3
/5.0
C
Fair
2,788
Population
197/sq mi density
$44,181
Median Income
$21,247 per capita
$51,200
Home Value
$54,473 Zillow
$1,010
Median Rent
29.9% income on rent
57°F
Avg Temperature
293 sunny days/yr
198
Violent Crime/100K
1,071 property/100K
C
Overall
2.3 / 5.0
Fair overall score based on economy, affordability, safety and education
D
Economy
1.5 / 5.0
$44,181 median income, 11.5% unemployment
A+
Affordability
5.0 / 5.0
$51,200 home value, $1,010/mo rent
F
Safety
1.0 / 5.0
198 violent crimes/100K
D
Education
1.6 / 5.0
7.2% bachelor's degree or higher
Madison enjoys a temperate climate with an average annual temperature of 57°F (14°C). Winters average 32°F in January while summers reach 79°F in July. The area gets 293 sunny days per year. Annual precipitation totals 40.8 inches. Air quality is rated Good with a median AQI of 49.
Temperature
32°F Jan (0°C)
79°F Jul (26°C)
| Annual Average | 56.5°F |
| 5% above US avg | |
| January Average | 32°F (0°C) |
| July Average | 79°F (26°C) |
| Sunny Days | 293 days/yr |
Geography
| Elevation | 411 ft (125 m) |
| Area | 14.2 sq mi (36.6 km²) |
| Population Density | 197/sq mi |
| Coordinates | 38.6863°N, 90.1018°W |
| Timezone | America/Chicago |
| County | St. Louis city County |
| Nearest Airport | St Louis Regional (ALN) 14 miles away |
Precipitation & Snow
Air Quality
| AQI Median | 49.0 |
| Rating | Good |
| Good Days % | 52.7% |
| Unhealthy Days | 6 |
Air Pollutants (EPA 2023)
| Ozone (O₃) | 0.0419 ppm |
| NO₂ (Nitrogen Dioxide) | 15.1 ppb |
| SO₂ (Sulfur Dioxide) | 1.03 ppb |
| CO (Carbon Monoxide) | 0.28 ppm |
| PM2.5 (Fine Particles) | 10.1 μg/m³ |
Natural Hazard Risk
| Overall Risk | Relatively High |
| Risk Score | 98.7 / 100 |
| Social Vulnerability | 71.9 / 100 |
| Community Resilience | 61.0 / 100 |
Hazard Breakdown
| Tornado | Very High |
| Hurricane | Very Low |
| Earthquake | Relatively High |
| Wildfire | Very Low |
| Flood | Relatively High |
| Hail | Relatively Moderate |
| Strong Wind | Relatively High |
| Heat Wave | Very High |
| Winter Weather | Relatively Moderate |
| Lightning | Relatively High |
| Ice Storm | Relatively High |
| Drought | No Rating |
| Cold Wave | Relatively Moderate |
| Landslide | Very Low |
Source: FEMA National Risk Index v1.20 (Dec 2025)
Monthly Weather
| Month | Avg Temperature | Precipitation | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 32°F (0°C) | 2.0 in | Coldest, Driest |
| February | 34°F (1°C) | 2.2 in | |
| March | 44°F (7°C) | 3.4 in | |
| April | 55°F (13°C) | 3.7 in | |
| May | 65°F (19°C) | 4.1 in | Wettest |
| June | 74°F (24°C) | 3.7 in | |
| July | 79°F (26°C) | 3.7 in | Warmest |
| August | 76°F (25°C) | 3.3 in | |
| September | 69°F (21°C) | 3.2 in | |
| October | 58°F (14°C) | 2.8 in | |
| November | 45°F (7°C) | 3.3 in | |
| December | 34°F (1°C) | 3.0 in |
Madison has a seasonal temperature swing of 47°F / from 32°F in January to 79°F in July. Total annual precipitation is 38.2 inches, with May being the wettest month (4.1") and January the driest (2.0").